基于生態(tài)足跡理論的鹽源縣可持續(xù)發(fā)展分析

萬(wàn)婷　趙春容　符娟林

摘要通過(guò)對(duì)2000—2014年鹽源縣生態(tài)足跡的計(jì)算，評(píng)價(jià)鹽源縣生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀及生態(tài)可持續(xù)狀況。結(jié)果表明，2010年鹽源縣生態(tài)足跡最高，達(dá)4.418 0 hm2/人。生態(tài)赤字也在2010年達(dá)到最高，為3.349 0 hm2/人，在2010年后生態(tài)赤字狀況有所改善。2000—2014年生態(tài)承載力呈下降趨勢(shì)，在2014年達(dá)到最低，僅1.040 3 hm2/人。從鹽源縣生態(tài)足跡結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，鹽源縣耕地所占的生態(tài)足跡過(guò)大，超過(guò)其他5種土地類(lèi)型的生態(tài)足跡總和。鹽源縣的生態(tài)赤字狀況在2010年后呈下降趨勢(shì)，可見(jiàn)鹽源縣的生態(tài)狀況向樂(lè)觀方向發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞生態(tài)足跡；生態(tài)承載力；生態(tài)赤字；鹽源縣

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)S181.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2017）31-0078-04

AbstractBased on ecological footprint calculation of Yanyuan County from 2000 to 2014， the ecological status and ecological sustainability conditions in Yanyuan County were analyzed and evaluated. According to the results， it showed that the highest ecological footprint in Yanyuan County reached 4.418 0 hm2/people， the highest ecological deficit reached 3.349 0 hm2/people in 2010. The situation of ecological deficit in Yanyuan conditions has improved in 2010. However， the capacity of ecological carrying in Yanyuan County was not optimistic， which had a downward trend form 2000 to 2014. And it reached a minimum value of 1.040 3 hm2/people in 2014. In addition， through the analysis of the structure of ecological footprint in Yanyuan County， it revealed that the cultivated land in Yanyuan County had larger fraction of ecological footprint ， which was greater than the sum of the other five land types. Fortunately， the ecological deficit in Yanyuan County had a downward trend after 2010.Therefore，the ecological status in Yanyuan County were optimistic.

Key wordsEcological footprint；Ecological capacity；Ecological deficit；Yanyuan County

隨著人類(lèi)社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們?cè)谙硎軜O大物質(zhì)財(cái)富的同時(shí)也意識(shí)到了岌岌可危的生態(tài)問(wèn)題。生態(tài)足跡模型[1-5]是由生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Rees[6]和Wackernagel等[7]提出的能夠量度可持續(xù)的方法[8]。此后，生態(tài)足跡理論[9-10]得到廣泛關(guān)注，其理論和計(jì)算模型也得到不斷發(fā)展[11-12]。作為衡量人類(lèi)環(huán)境的重要指標(biāo)，生態(tài)足跡理論方法被廣泛應(yīng)用于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的測(cè)算和評(píng)價(jià)上[13]。這有助于學(xué)者了解一個(gè)地區(qū)的生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀，分析該地區(qū)存在的生態(tài)問(wèn)題，從而結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際提出相應(yīng)的生態(tài)對(duì)策。計(jì)算生態(tài)足跡，有助于一個(gè)地區(qū)走上生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的道路。筆者基于生態(tài)足跡理論，研究了2000—2014年鹽源縣的生態(tài)足跡及生態(tài)承載力、生態(tài)赤字/盈余，以期為促進(jìn)該地區(qū)生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)。

1材料與方法

1.1研究區(qū)概況

鹽源縣是四川省涼山州的一個(gè)縣，面積8 398.6 km2，轄區(qū)范圍內(nèi)人口約35.6萬(wàn)，21個(gè)民族在此居住[14]。……