張璐 王斌飛 辛明月
摘要 利用NCEP位勢高度場資料及國家氣候中心160站的月平均降水資料,對西北地區東部(32.5°~41.0°N、100.0°~112.5°E)持續性干旱事件有關的大氣環流進行了分析。結果表明,持續性干旱發生時期合成的500 hPa異常位勢高度場在歐亞大陸上空的環流形勢基本為兩槽一脊,歐洲及渤海、黃海及周圍地區為槽,西北地區東部位于脊前;渤海、黃海及周圍地區上空對應負異常是持續性干旱發生的典型環流場特征,易造成研究區域干旱事件的發生。
關鍵詞 持續性干旱;位勢高度;異常;環流形勢;西北地區東部
中圖分類號 S16 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)25-0196-03
Abstract The atmospheric circulation in the eastern part of the Northwest China (32.5°-41.0° N, 100.0°-112.5° E) was analyzed by using the NCEP geopotential height field data and the monthly average precipitation data of the National Climate Center 160 stations.The results showed that in the conditions of combining the abnormal height field of the drought years ,500 hPa circulation pattern of the entire Eurasian continent was mainly composed of two troughs and one ridge, Europe and the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the surrounding area were the trough,and the eastern part of the Northwest territories lied before the ridge.The negative anomalies above the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the surrounding areas were typical circulation field characteristics of persistent drought, which could lead to the occurrence of drought events in the study area.
Key words Persistent drought;Geopotential height;Anomaly;Circulation situation;Eastern part of Northwest China
西北地區東部包括寧夏、甘肅東部、陜西中北部及內蒙古中西部地區,其東到黃河上游。該區域深居內陸,距海遙遠,再加上地形對濕潤氣流的阻擋,西北地區東部僅偏南側為溫帶季風氣候,是氣候的敏感區和脆弱區,其他區域為溫帶大陸性氣候,冬季嚴寒而干燥,夏季高溫,降水稀少,自東向西遞減。由于氣候干旱,氣溫的日較差和年較差都很大。該區大部屬中溫帶和暖溫帶。
我國西北地區東部地處干旱、半干旱地區,農作物生長主要依靠自然降水,由于降水量少而且不穩定,干旱時常發生[1-2]。春季是西北地區一年之中最為干燥的季節,雖然降水多于冬季,但升溫快,風力大,蒸發旺盛,更易出現干旱災害[3]。由于自然和人類活動等的原因,西北地區已是生態極其脆弱的地區之一,也是我國荒漠化最敏感區之一,降水量少,降水的時空分布極不均勻,而且變率大。……