虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)

大連市第二十四中學(xué)　胡穎

語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語中的虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。比如：If I were you，I would study English harder.現(xiàn)將虛擬語氣用法做簡要的總結(jié)和歸納。

一、虛擬語氣在條件從句的用法

條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句；一類是非真實條件句，也就是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句，謂語要用陳述語氣。如If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go to the park.如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用虛擬語氣，列表如下：

從句（條件句）　主句（結(jié)果句）與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)動詞過去式be一般用were would should+動詞原形could might與過去事實相反的假設(shè)had+過去分詞would should+have+過去分詞could might與將來事實相反的假設(shè)動詞過去式should+動詞原形were to+動詞原形would should+動詞原形could might

與現(xiàn)在事實相反：

If I knew his exact address，I would take the parcel to him without hesitation.

與過去事實相反：

If he had followed the professor's advice，he would have got his doctor's degree in physics.

與將來事實相反的假設(shè)從句形式較多，舉例說明如下 ：

Ifitweretosnowtomorrow，thepicnic would be canceled.

If it should snow tomorrow，the picnic would be canceled.

If it snowed tomorrow，the picnic would be canceled.

虛擬語氣在條件句中使用時應(yīng)注意以下4種特殊情況：

1.如果從句中含有助動詞had/should/were，可以省略if，把助動詞移到從句的句首采用局部倒裝語序：

Were it to snow tomorrow，our picnic would be canceled.

Should it snow tomorrow，our picnic would be canceled.

Had it not been for the snow，we would have had a picnic.

2.錯綜時態(tài)的條件句

有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時需要根據(jù)具體語境采用表示不同時間的動詞形式。

If she had taken the doctor's advice，she might be all right now.

If I were you，I would have chosen a different profession.

3.含蓄條件句

有時候假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。……