楸樹(shù)不同無(wú)性系根段扦插初步研究

馬林江 蔡開(kāi)元 陳華超 黃國(guó)偉 張新葉

摘要：以楸樹(shù)不同無(wú)性系根段為材料，沙藏過(guò)冬后截段消毒進(jìn)行扦插，研究楸樹(shù)根段扦插出苗情況，比較不同無(wú)性系根段扦插苗生長(zhǎng)差異。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：楸樹(shù)根段扦插整體出苗率高，不同無(wú)性系出苗率在77%～95%，扦插30 d后根段凸起大量白點(diǎn)，根段兩頭均有大量透明愈傷，45 d后開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)萌芽，60 d后皮層及根下部愈傷產(chǎn)生大量根系。不同無(wú)性系盆栽扦插苗一年生苗高在61 ～81 cm之間，地徑在929 ～1212 mm之間，不同系號(hào)間差異達(dá)到顯著水平（P<005）。總體來(lái)說(shuō)，根段扦插出苗率高，簡(jiǎn)單易操作，推廣應(yīng)用前景廣闊。不同系號(hào)間出苗率及生長(zhǎng)存在顯著差異，具有極大的選育潛力。

關(guān)鍵詞：楸樹(shù)；根段；扦插；生長(zhǎng)性狀

中圖分類號(hào)：S79225文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：1004-3020（2017）04-0086-03

Study on the Root Cuttings of Different Clone of Catalpa bungei

Ma Linjiang（1）Cai Kaiyuan（2）Chen Huachao（1）Huang Guowei（1） Zhang Xinye（1）

（1.Hubei Academy of ForestryWuhan430075；2.Shishou Forest Seed FarmJingzhou434400）

Abstract： The root segments were used as the experimental materials， buried in the sand over the winter， and then cut after intercept and disinfection. Aiming to research the emergence situation of the root cuttings and compare their differences of the growth in different families. The result showed that there were a high germination rate with root cuttings， it was from 77% to 95% . It was germinated significantly after 30 days and appeared a large number of raised white spots on the root，there were a lot of callus at both ends of the root segment. The buds began to appear after 45 days， large root was appeared in the cortex and callus after 60 days. The annual height was from 61 cm to 81 cm and the annual ground diameter was from 9.29 mm to 12.12 mm in different families，there were both significant differences in these families. In general， there were a high emergence rate with root cuttings， it was easy to operate and had a broad application prospects. The emergence rate and growth had significant differences in different families， it had a great value in breeding.

Key words：Catalpa bungei；root segment；cutting；growth traits

楸樹(shù)（Catalpa bungei）是紫葳科（Bignoniaceae）梓屬植物，作為特有的珍貴優(yōu)質(zhì)用材樹(shù)種和著名的園林觀賞樹(shù)種，栽培歷史悠久[1]。楸樹(shù)材質(zhì)優(yōu)良，用途廣泛，樹(shù)體高大，樹(shù)姿優(yōu)美，素有“木王”之稱，在中國(guó)分布范圍較廣，東起海濱，西到甘肅，北起長(zhǎng)城，南到云南[2]。目前國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)楸木奇缺，市場(chǎng)價(jià)格昂貴，中小徑材2 000元/m3以上，大徑材超過(guò)4 000元/m3，是一般樹(shù)種木材價(jià)格的幾倍以上[3]。

楸樹(shù)在許多地方開(kāi)花不結(jié)實(shí)或者結(jié)實(shí)不可育，因此實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中主要以嫁接、組培等無(wú)性方式進(jìn)行繁殖。陳元祥對(duì)楸樹(shù)嫁接的砧木選擇、嫁接時(shí)間和方法等進(jìn)行了技術(shù)總結(jié)，為楸樹(shù)繁殖提供了技術(shù)支持[4]。韓創(chuàng)舉等建立了較好的楸樹(shù)組培體系[5]，梁明武等對(duì)楸樹(shù)的嫩枝扦插進(jìn)行了探索[6]，楸樹(shù)根段扦插研究相對(duì)較少[7]，湖北省之前還沒(méi)有開(kāi)展過(guò)相關(guān)試驗(yàn)和研究，因此開(kāi)展與此相關(guān)的探索，生產(chǎn)實(shí)際意義重大。根段扦插操作簡(jiǎn)單，成本低廉，不僅能豐富楸樹(shù)繁育方式，而且針對(duì)不同栽培區(qū)域的特點(diǎn)，可以根據(jù)需要選擇更為合適的繁殖育苗方法。……