光譜選擇性散熱涂層的制備及性能

楊光，鄧安仲*

（中國人民解放軍陸軍勤務學院，重慶 401311）

光譜選擇性散熱涂層的制備及性能

楊光，鄧安仲*

（中國人民解放軍陸軍勤務學院，重慶 401311）

分別用鈷藍和群青這兩種藍色顏料，制備了以苯丙乳液為成膜物質的光譜選擇性散熱涂層，采用紫外/可見/近紅外分光光度計和紅外輻射率測量儀考察了顏料種類及其用量對涂層性能的影響。通過自制裝置測試了涂層的隔熱性能及箱體中心的輻射熱流。結果表明：群青涂層的隔熱性能更好，在最優摻量均為5%的情況下，相比鈷藍涂層，其全波段平均反射比高14.91個百分點，平衡溫度低2.3 °C，輻射熱流多降低了0.45個百分點。

光譜選擇性涂層；苯丙乳液；顏料；反射比；隔熱；輻射熱流

Abstract:A spectrally solar selective cool coating was prepared from styrene–acrylic emulsion with cobalt blue and ultramarine blue as pigment, respectively.The effects of type and content of pigment on properties of the coatings were studied by ultraviolet/visible/near infrared spectrophotometer and infrared radiometer.The heat insulation performance and radiant heat flux in the center of a chamber were tested by a home-made device.The result showed that the coating prepared with ultramarine blue has better heat insulation performance.When the optimal contents of both pigments are 5%, the average full-waveband reflectance of the coating prepared with ultramarine blue is 14.91 percentage points higher, as well as its equilibrium temperature is 2.3 °C lower and radiant heat flux is 0.45 percentage points lower as compared with that of the coating prepared with cobalt blue.

Keywords:spectrally solar selective coating; styrene–acrylic emulsion; pigment; reflectance; thermal insulation; radiant heat flux

First-author’s address:Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing 401311, China

光譜選擇性散熱涂層是一種針對可見光(400 ～ 780 nm)和近紅外(780 ～ 2500 nm)波段進行選擇性反射的功能性涂層[1]。太陽光中可見光和近紅外占到了總能量的 95%[2]，因此此類涂層可以起到隔熱降溫的作用。它們還可將吸收的熱能通過8 ～ 14 μm波段的“大氣窗口”以熱輻射的形式釋放出去，進一步增強涂層的降溫性能，因此被廣泛應用于建筑節能、紅外隱身等領域，具有廣闊的發展前景。國際上第一個關于光譜選擇性散熱涂層的標準是ASTM C1483-04 Standard Specification for Exterior Solar Radiation Control Coatings on Building[3]。曹延鑫等[4]選用片狀鋁粉、石墨、金紅石型二氧化鈦、碳化硅和氧化鋅，以聚氨酯為粘合劑，在金屬鋁罐上制備了散熱涂層，比較了日光下罐體內溫度的變化，認為具有高光譜反射比是光譜選擇性散熱材料的必要而不充分條件。王文弟[5]根據油浸變壓器的工作產熱因素，從填料選擇及其含量、填料與樹脂潤濕性的角度，探討了它們對導熱散熱涂層性能的影響，所制涂層在不同季節的散熱性均較好。……