社區(qū)老年人群睡眠狀況調(diào)查及相關(guān)因素分析

錢富強,吳越,田霖,周曉琴,過婷,程灶火

·論著·

社區(qū)老年人群睡眠狀況調(diào)查及相關(guān)因素分析

錢富強,吳越,田霖,周曉琴,過婷,程灶火

目的調(diào)查社區(qū)老年人群睡眠狀況及相關(guān)因素,為促進(jìn)健康睡眠提供參考依據(jù)。方法采用分層取樣法募集無錫市社區(qū)≥50歲人群,用自制一般人口資料學(xué)調(diào)查表、匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)量表(PSQI)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,比較老年組(≥60歲)及老年前期組(50～59歲)睡眠障礙的發(fā)生率,并分析其影響因素。結(jié)果無錫市社區(qū)老年組睡眠障礙發(fā)生率為47.34%,高于老年前期組34.90%(P<0.05)。60歲及以上人群PSQI總分及各因子分(除日間功能障礙外)均高于60歲以下人群,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Logistic回歸分析顯示,女性(OR=1.371)、年齡70～79歲,≥80歲(OR=1.589、3.010)、獨居(OR=1.943)或大家庭居住(OR=1.351)、家庭氛圍差(OR=2.195)、住普通平房(OR=2.075)、不良睡眠習(xí)慣(OR=2.313)、BMI≤18.4(OR=2.224)或 BMI≥28(OR=1.770)是發(fā)生睡眠障礙的危險因素；經(jīng)常參加戶外活動(OR=0.572)、無軀體疾病(OR=0.737)是發(fā)生睡眠障礙的保護(hù)因素。結(jié)論社區(qū)老年人睡眠障礙發(fā)生率較高,女性、増齡、家庭狀況差、偏瘦或肥胖是老年睡眠障礙的危險因素,戶外活動、軀體健康是老年睡眠障礙的保護(hù)因素。

老年人； 睡眠障礙； 影響因素

Abstract：Objective： To investigate the sleep status and related factors of the elderly in the community,and to provide reference for the promotion of healthy sleep.Method：The stratified random sampling method was used to recruit the population aged 50 years and older in the community of Wuxi City.By using the homemade general demographic questionnaire and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),we investigated the incidence of sleep disorders and influencing factors among population with different demographic characteristics.Results：The incidence of sleep disorders was 47.34% in the elderly in Wuxi.The PSQI score and the scores of all the factors (except daytime dysfunction) were higher than those under 60 years old.Logistic regression result showed that female (OR=1.371),aged 70～79 years (OR=1.589),age 80 years and older (OR=3.010),living alone (OR=1.943) or large family (OR=1.351),poor family atmosphere (OR=2.195),housing for ordinary bungalow (OR=2.075),poor sleep habits (OR=2.313),BMI ≤18.4 (OR=2.224) or BMI≥28 (OR=1.770) were risk factors for sleep disorders；And frequent participation in outdoor activities (OR=0.572) and no somatic disease (OR=0.737) were protective factors for sleep disorders.Conclusion：The incidence of sleep disorders in the elderly is higher.The risk factors of sleep disorders in the elderly include female,aging,poor family status,emaciation or obesity,and the protective factors include outdoor activities and physical health.

Keywords： the elderly; sleep disorders; influencing factors

良好的睡眠是維護(hù)人體健康的重要保證,長期失眠不僅影響軀體健康,而且會導(dǎo)致心理疾病,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生存質(zhì)量。據(jù)調(diào)查,睡眠障礙在老年人中尤為顯著,且隨著年齡的增加發(fā)病率也逐漸增加[1]。據(jù)我國不同地區(qū)報道[2-4],約有28.5%～54.62%的老年人存在不同程度的睡眠障礙。研究表明,老年人睡眠障礙受軀體疾病、心理情緒、不良習(xí)慣、以及經(jīng)濟、婚姻、居住條件、社會支持等諸多因素的影響[1,5],因此,應(yīng)從生理、心理、社會多層次關(guān)注老年人的睡眠問題。本研究對無錫市社區(qū)≥50歲人群進(jìn)行睡眠狀況的流行病調(diào)查,為該地區(qū)制定科學(xué)的干預(yù)策略提供依據(jù)。

1 對象和方法

1.1 對象

在無錫市6個社區(qū)采用分層隨機法募集≥50歲人群,要求被訪者軀體和精神狀況能配合完成調(diào)查,教育、婚姻、職業(yè)不限,由本人或監(jiān)護(hù)人簽署知情同意書。調(diào)查時間為2014年12月至2015年9月,共發(fā)放調(diào)查表1 500份,收回有效調(diào)查表1 377份。……