本期我們接著給大家介紹2017年全國高考英語真題中的“熟詞僻義”,除了繼續分享北京卷中的“熟詞僻義”之外,這一期我們還將分析全國新課標II卷、江蘇卷和浙江卷中的詞匯活用。
stamp v.
The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. (2017年北京卷,閱讀A篇)
Stamp常用作名詞,意為“郵票”。
在這句話中stamp作動詞,意為“to put your foot down heavily and noisily on the ground”,即“跺腳;用力踩”。整句話可譯為:在訓練中的衛斯理安私立學校壘球隊的女孩們正等著做下一輪的擊球練習,她們跺著腳來取暖。
shock n.
She recovered from the shock. (2017年北京卷,閱讀A篇)
Shock常用作動詞,意為“使震驚”;也常用作名詞,意為“震驚;令人震驚的事”。
在這句話中shock作名詞,意為“a medical condition in which you suddenly become very weak and cold and do not react normally, especially after a serious accident or injury”,即“休克”。整句話可譯為:她從休克中恢復了知覺。
hit n.
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children's publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. (2017年北京卷,閱讀B篇)
Hit常用作動詞或名詞,意為“擊;打”。
在這句話中hit作名詞,意為“a person or thing that is very popular”,即“很受歡迎的人或事物”。整句話可譯為:《TOKNOW雜志》是兒童出版界非常暢銷的一本讀物,它將富有挑戰性的觀點和非常有趣的內容結合在一起,每個月都給小粉絲們帶來獨特的內容。
take n.
The magazine also explores philosophy and well-being to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life. (2017年北京卷,閱讀B篇)
Take常用作動詞,意為“拿走”。
在這句話中take作名詞,意為“someone's attitude or opinion about a situation”,即“某人(對某事的)態度或觀點(立場)”。整句話可譯為:為了確保小讀者們對生活有客觀的看法,這本雜志也探討哲學及幸福這些話題。
put down
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. (2017年全國新課標II卷,閱讀C篇)
Put down常表示“放下;記下”。
在這句話中put down意為“to pay part of the total cost of something, so that you can pay the rest later”,即“付訂金”。整句話可譯為:為了買到一輛Transition,差不多有100人已經支付了10000美元的訂金,而當Terrafugia公司本周晚些時候在紐約車展上向公眾推介Transition之后,付訂金的人數和訂金數額都有可能上升。
reasonably adv.
But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. (2017年江蘇卷,完形填空)
Reasonably用作副詞,意為“合理地;理智地”。
在這句話中reasonably作副詞,意為“to a degree that is fairly good but not very good”,即“尚可;還可以”。整句話可譯為:但他很快就發現自己喜歡演奏這種樂器,并投入到了練習之中,所以沒用幾個月他就演奏得還不錯了。
case n.
When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. (2017年江蘇卷,閱讀D篇)endprint
Case常用作名詞,意為“事例;情況;案件”。
在這句話中case作名詞,意為“a set of reasons why something should happen or be done”,即“理由,論據”。整句話可譯為:當那些污染行業爭辯說我們已經輸掉了控制碳污染的這場戰斗,并且除了適應別無選擇時,這純屬是為給企業照常經營找理由而構思的無稽之談。
vehicle n.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard .nancial times make it more dif.cult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合). (2017年浙江卷,閱讀C篇)
Vehicle常用作名詞,意為“車輛;交通工具”。
在這句話中vehicle作名詞,意為“a way of expressing ideas or of making something happen”,即“(表達思想或使某事發生的)媒介,工具,手段”。整句話可譯為:一些擁護移民的人擔心,隨著經濟狀況的不景氣使得本地人保住工作變得更加困難,這些措施與其說是融合的媒介,更不如說它們會變成不寬容的手段。
lay down
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. (2017年浙江卷,閱讀C篇)
lay down常表示“放下”。
在這句話中lay down意為“to state officially what someone must do or how they must do it”,即“(正式地)規定,制定,聲明”。整句話可譯為:其他歐洲國家對移民者提出了一項類似的要求,其中有些條款更為嚴格。
以上便是北京卷、全國新課標II卷、江蘇卷和浙江卷這四套高考試題中的“熟詞僻義”,希望同學們在平時的學習中多思考,多積累,這樣才能在考試中迅速地識別出這些活用詞匯,取得好成績。
作者簡介:
侯明慧,自由撰稿人,曾參與編寫《英語常見問題解答大詞典》等書籍。endprint