周輝
形容詞是高考語法填空的重要考點之一,本文結合近年高考試題歸納形容詞在語法填空和短文改錯中的五種主要考查方式。
一、考查形容詞轉化為副詞
形容詞通常在句中作定語、表語和補足語,若是在句中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或全句,要將語法填空所給的或短文改錯原句中的形容詞改為副詞。如:
語法填空
1. (2017全國II卷 ) Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _______ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers...
2. (2016全國Ⅰ卷) I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
短文改錯
3. (2016全國Ⅰ卷)... his business will grow steady.
4. (2015全國Ⅱ卷)I were terrible worried...
5. (2013全國Ⅱ卷) Interesting, it had a connection to...
答案與解析:1. 修飾形容詞unpleasant用副詞fairly;2.修飾動詞be given用副詞officially;3. 修飾動詞grow用副詞,故改steady為steadily;4. 修飾形容詞worried用副詞,故改terrible為terribly;5. 在句首修飾全句用副詞,故改Interesting為Interestingly。
形容詞變副詞規則一覽表
二、考查形容詞的比較級和最高級
當語法填空所給詞是形容詞,而根據句子結構分析,所填詞依然是需要形容詞時,可考慮填其比較級或最高級形式。短文改錯中的形容詞的等級形式可能有錯。如:
語法填空
1. (2016全國Ⅱ卷) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of __________ (great) and less importance.
2. (2014全國Ⅰ卷) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __________ (clean) than ever.
3.(2015上海卷) It was _______ (nice) gift Id ever received, and it was from a complete stranger.
短文改錯
4.(2016全國Ⅲ卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life.
5.(2012全國Ⅰ卷)I had to be more patient and little aggressive.
答案與解析:1.由并列一致可知,要填比較級greater;2.由than ever可知,要填比較級cleaner;3.由表示范圍的定語從句(that) Id never received可知,要用最高級nicest;4.由并列一致可知,改worse為worst;5.由并列一致可知,改little為less。
形容詞的比較級和最高級變化規則一覽表
三、考查形容詞的名詞形式
(2015全國II卷) In addition to their simple beatify, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.
答案與解析:在their后,要用名詞,故填ability。
四、考查形容詞的否定前綴
在語法填空中若給出的是形容詞,根據句子結構分析,要填的詞依然是形容詞,又不是需要填比較級或最高級時,可從句意邏輯去考慮,填與其意相反的形容詞?;蛟诙涛母腻e中,當邏輯意義不通時,也可考慮是否將形容詞改為反義才通順。如:
Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. Im sure they will laugh at me and see me as a fool. So I feel ______ (happy) every day.
答案與解析:在系動詞feel后需填形容詞,根據語境不需考慮填比較級或最后級,但根據句意“別人嘲笑我,把我當作傻瓜”可知“我每天都感到不快樂”,故填unhappy。
常見形容詞否定前綴一覽表
五、考查形容詞轉化為動詞
有時高考語法填空中所給詞看上去為形容詞,其實是已轉化為動詞了,這時則應考慮是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞,如果是非謂語動詞,又要考慮用哪些形式。如:
(2015新課標II卷) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day.
答案與解析:因cool后有賓語the house,意思是“使該房子變得涼爽”,顯然cool是動詞而非非形容詞;根據“adj. + enough to do sth.” 結構可知,填to cool。
有些形容詞可以直接轉化為動詞,如clean, cool, dry, warm, empty等;有的形容詞則要通過加前綴或后綴才能轉化成動詞。如:
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