兔網谷小屋，布雷頓角，加拿大Rabbit Snare Gorge Cabin, Cape Breton, Canada, 2015

建筑設計：奧馬爾·甘地建筑設計有限公司 + 設計基地8（紐約）

Architects: Omar Gandhi Architect Inc. + Design Base 8 (NYC)

兔網谷小屋，布雷頓角，加拿大
Rabbit Snare Gorge Cabin, Cape Breton, Canada, 2015

建筑設計：奧馬爾·甘地建筑設計有限公司 + 設計基地8（紐約）

Architects: Omar Gandhi Architect Inc. + Design Base 8 (NYC)

勞倫斯·麥克艾薩克還記得他曾祖父在這里教孩子們用網捕兔子的方法，而他的曾祖母用常用的“洗衣石”在小瀑布底洗衣服。由于峽谷極為陡峭，這里很難使用，包括采集樹果，所以便荒蕪了。

在這個神秘的景觀中隱藏著三個小動物形的建筑，兔網谷的這座小屋是其中的第一座。

在布雷頓角崎嶇的林地海岸上，這座小屋是一片18.6ha（46英畝）地塊中的主要住宅。這座塔屋的山面經過微妙的改造，使它可以由兩座觀景平臺直達林頂。其中一個面向大海，另一個順著交匯的溪谷。

兔網谷的景觀特點是布雷頓角高地的陡坡、點綴著阿卡迪亞硬木的密林、汩汩溪流鑿出的深谷，以及諾森伯蘭海峽的海崖。這個位置能讓人將整個地段盡收眼底，包括奔向大海的峽谷。穿過小屋的序列從入口和首層臥室開始，然后是二層上雙層高的廚房和餐廳，最后是三層的起居室。在那里遠眺，整個地段都一覽無余。

這座建筑通過一系列形式元素與本土風格聯系在一起。小屋的傳統山面造型將視線打開，并沿著太陽的軌跡，突出了主要的室內空間，強調了塔屋的垂直性，同時有效地遮擋雨雪。當地的傳統木包板被用在小屋的室外。小屋的鋼箍入口采用了防風墻的造型，這是布雷頓角和紐芬蘭沿海地區所特有的。

立地輕而臨風重

客戶是一位戶外運動愛好者和樹藝家，對自然景觀崇敬有加。所以，對場地和生態干擾的關注就是初期主要的設計因素之一。小塔屋的形制讓人可以登臨遠眺，并以最小的占地面積實現豐富的功能。暴露的坡地意味著它要抵御大西洋暴雨的沖擊、冬季的東北暴風、浪擊的腐蝕性鹽霧和猛烈的東南風——當地的東南風穿過高地絕壁后的時速可達200km。

當地強力的東南風需要用堅固的結構體系來抵御側向荷載與拔升力。高高的小屋依靠額外的保護層來抵抗強風——每塊實板、包括室內隔墻，都會作為剪力墻、隔膜和重疊壓縮環。擋風墻由耐候鋼焊接而成，掛接在框架上。□（尚晉 譯）

1 外景/Exterior view

Lawrence MacIsaac recalls stories of his great grandfather using the property to teach his sons how to snare rabbits, while his great grandmother used commonly used the "laundry stone" at the bottom of a small waterfall to wash clothing. With the extremely steep sides of the gorge it was diきcult to do anything with the land, including harvesting the trees, so it was left to grow wild.

The cabin at Rabbit Snare Gorge is the fi rst of the three small creature-like structures hidden in the mysterious landscape.

The cabin is the primary dwelling on a 46 acre parcel of land found on the rugged wooded coastline of rural Cape Breton. The cabin is a gently adapted gabled tower which allows it to reach above the forest canopy with two major viewing platforms, one oriented directly towards the ocean and the other along the length of the convergent brook valley.

The landscape of Rabbit Snare Gorge is de fi ned by the steep slopes of the Cape Breton Highlands,a dense woodlands with patches of Acadian hardwood, deep gorges cut by a babbling brook, and the rocky cliffs of the Northumberland Strait. The location allows for a long wide view of the entire property including the majority of the gorge leading towards the ocean. The procession through the cabin starts with the entry and bedrooms on the ground floor, a double height kitchen and dining room on the second floor and lastly the living space on the third fl oor with the fi nal lookout view of the entire property.

The structure is linked to the local vernacular by a number of formal elements. The traditional gable form of the cabin is manipulated to open views and follow the path of the sun, emphasise the major interior spaces, and accentuate the verticality of the tower, while eきciently shedding snow and rain.Traditional, local wood board cladding is used on the exterior of the Cabin. The cabin's steel entry hoop takes shape from the entry windbreaks which are unique to Cape Breton and Newfoundland coastal communities.

Light on the land, heavy against the wind

The client is an avid outdoorsman and hobby arborist with a sincere respect for the natural landscape. Therefore, sensitivity to site and ecological disruption was an early and major design parametre. The tower typology of the cabin offers elevated views and ample programming within a minimal footprint. The exposure of the sloped site means it endures the full brunt of heavy Atlantic rainstorms, winter Nor'easters, corrosive salt-spray from crashing swell, and strong suetes winds – local south-easterlies which accelerate down the Highland escarpment to reach speeds of over 200km/h.

The strong local suetes winds demand robust structural systems to withstand major lateral loads and uplift. The tall cabin combats the high winds through redundant sheathing – every solid plane,including the interior partition wall, contribute as shear walls, diaphragms and stacked compression rings. The windbreak, constructed out of welded weathering steel, is then hung from the framing.□

2 總平面/Site plan

3 外景/Exterior view

4 外景/Exterior views

5 外景/Exterior views

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Kevin and Stephanie Briody

主持建筑師/Principal: Omar Gandhi (Omar Gandhi Architect Inc.)

設計團隊/Design Team: Peter Braithwaite, Peter Kolodziej,Maxwell Schnutgen, Elizabeth Powell, Jeff Shaw (Intern Architects, Omar Gandhi Architect Inc. ); Jon Siani, Jon Wilson, Garrett Helm (Intern Architects, Design Base 8, NYC)顧問團隊/Consulting Team: Omar Gandhi Architect Inc.,Design Base 8 (NYC), Andrea Doncaster Engineering,Joseph "MacGee" MacFarlane

造價/Cost: $310/sq.ft

攝影/Photos: Doublespace Photography

6 首層平面/Ground fl oor plan

7 二層平面/1st fl oor plan

8 三層平面/2nd fl oor plan

9 剖面/Sections

10 剖面/Sections

11 內景/Interior views

評論

張路峰：這座林中小屋的設計策略非常明確而直接，綜合考慮節地、節能、觀景、抗風等因素，緊湊的空間沿豎向展開，形成瘦高的體量，使得密林中的居住者得以把頭探到樹冠之上，獲得更好的視野和陽光。和一般城市獨戶住宅的功能組織相反，分為三層的內部空間由上而下私密性漸次增加，呼應著主人假日的作息規律。瘦高體量上的入口設計需要特別考慮尺度問題，在此案中，建筑師只是簡單地在入口外面加了一個兩層高的門套，既調節了門在立面上的尺度關系，又解決了入口防風的問題。

胡恒：雙坡屋頂確有無限潛力。一個輕巧的角度變向，就制造出室內的三層夾層空間，同時把尖銳的外部形體緩和下來。這很明智。如用正常的雙坡做法，那么位于山頂上的它就過于霸道了。即使現在的樣子對場所的統治力還是有點過強。室內的全木內飾面溫暖宜人，但稍顯空曠，除了基本家具外并無多余雜物，隱隱透出身在屋中，心在遠方之意。看來戶主應該就是一個強悍、孤寂，內心還有些許柔情的人。

12 內景/Interior views

13 內景/Interior views

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng: The design strategy of this cabin is quite clear and direct, after a general consideration to elements including land saving, energy saving,sight viewing, and wind resistance, a compact space is extended in the vertical direction, forming a slim and tall bulk in which residents in the thick woods are able to look over the tree crowns and get the access to a better view and more sunlight. On the contrary to the functional organisation of regular urban freestanding houses, the privacy degree of the interior space gradually increases from the third floor to the first floor corresponding to the daily schedule of the residents on vacation. The design of entrance to a slim and tall bulk usually demands for special concerns to its proportion, and in this case, the designer simply adds a two-story-high door pocket outside the entrance, which not only adjusts the scale relationship between the door and the fa?ade but also addresses the problem of wind resistance at the entrance.

HU Heng: Double pitched roofs indeed have unlimited potential. A light angle alternation creates three layers of interlayer space inside the room, and in the meantime softens the sharp exterior shape. It's wise.If the normal double pitched practice is used, it will be too overbearing standing on the top of the mountain.Even with the current look, the dominance of the place is a bit too strong. The total wooden finishing inside is warm and pleasant, but looks a little empty. Besides basic furniture, there are no redundant objects. This slightly gave away the feeling of being in the house,but mind far away. It seems that the owner of the house should be a tough, lonely person, but with a bit tenderness in heart. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)