鉬肥與鋅肥配施對烤煙上部葉內在品質的影響

趙佳佳+任志廣+楊立均+許曉敬+張森+方秀+黃海棠

摘要 通過田間試驗，研究了于烤煙打頂當天進行鉬、鋅單獨及混合葉面噴施對烤煙上部葉開片、內在化學成分和中性致香物質含量的影響。結果表明，葉面噴施鉬或鋅能有效促進上部葉的生長，葉面積顯著高于清水對照；葉面噴施鉬或鋅能顯著提高烤后上部葉的葉長、葉寬、葉質重、填充值和抗張力，降低含梗率；葉面噴施鉬或鋅不同程度地提高上部葉兩糖、總氮和鉀含量，增大糖堿比、鉀氯比，降低煙葉煙堿和氯含量，有效改善煙葉化學成分的協調性；噴施鉬或鋅可顯著增加上部葉中性致香物質總量、各類致香物質含量；鉬和鋅混合噴施的上部葉葉面積、化學成分協調性和中性致香物質總量均高于鉬或鋅的單獨施用，對烤煙上部葉開片、物理性狀、內在品質的改善作用效果最佳。

關鍵詞 烤煙；鉬肥；鋅肥；上部葉；葉面積；物理性狀；化學成分；中性致香物質

中圖分類號 S572；S143.7+2；S147.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739（2017）22-0001-03

Effects of Mo and Zn Nutrition on the Quality of Upper Leaves in Flue-cured Tobacco

ZHAO Jia-jia 1 REN Zhi-guang 2 * YANG Li-jun 1 XU Xiao-jing 1 ZHANG Sen 1 FANG Xiu 2 HUANG Hai-tang 1

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Mo or Zn alone and mixed foliar sprayingon the leaf opening，internal chemical composition and neutral aroma content of upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that spraying of Mo or Zn could promote the growth of the upper leaves and the leaf area was significantly higher than that of the control.Spraying Mo or Zn could significantly improve the leaf length，leaf width，leaf weight，filling value and anti-tension of the upper leaves after baking. Spraying Mo or Zn could increase the content of total sugar，total nitrogen and potassium in the upper leaves，increase the ratio of sugar to nicotine，potassium to chlorine，reduce the nicotine and chlorine content of tobacco leaves，and improve the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves；Spraying Mo or Zn could significantly increase the total amount of neutral fragrant substances in the upper leaves and all kinds of fragrant substances；Mixed spraying of Mo or Zn was higher than the separate spraying of Mo or Zn，and the effect of improving the quality of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco was the best.

Key words tobacco；Mo nutrition；Zn nutrition；upper leaf；leaf area；physical properties；chemical composition；neutral aroma substance

煙草是以收獲煙葉為主的經濟作物，在生產中經常用葉面噴施的方式補充煙葉營養物質。鉬是作物營養平衡需求中所必需的微量元素，對煙葉的生長發育和內在品質有重要影響[1-3]。

李章海等[4]研究表明，施鉬能明顯提高煙株生長過程煙葉的光合作用，使煙葉鉀含量提高，改善其化學成分協調性。武 麗等[5]研究表明，施鉬可顯著增加煙葉的產量和產值，調節各部位煙葉煙堿積累，增加煙葉大部分香氣成分，使煙葉化學品質和香氣品質顯著提高。……