沈瑩杰++楊水兵++蔡勇++方輝
摘要 本文研究應用于船用或冷鏈運輸等小型冷庫的高壓交變電場水產品保鮮裝置,實現水產品低溫微凍保鮮。高壓交變電場保鮮裝置主要由電壓可調交流電源、變比可調變壓器、安全電阻和電場發生裝置組成,其中電場發生裝置布置于小型冷庫或冰柜中,實現電場疊加的微凍保鮮。最后以南美白對蝦為試驗樣品,研究在交變電場疊加作用下的微凍保鮮效果(電場強度為8600V/m,環境溫度為-3℃)。結果表明,在交變電場作用下,蛋白質的流失率和細菌總數明顯下降。
關鍵詞 交變電場;微凍保鮮;水產品
中圖分類號 TS207.7 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2017)22-0243-03
Abstract This paper studied the high voltage alternating electric field preservation device for small-scale cold storage of marine or cold chain transportation,and realized the low temperature micro-freezing preservation of aquatic products.The high voltage alternating electric field preservation device was mainly composed of a voltage adjustable AC power supply,a variable ratio adjustable transformer,a safety resistance and an electric field generating device,which in the electric field generating device was arranged with a small cold storage or a freezer,and the electric field was superimposed. Finally,taking Penaeus vannamei as test samples,the cryopreservation effect was studied(electric field intensity was 8 600V/m,ambient temperature was -3℃)under the effect of alternating electric field superposition.The results showed that under the action of alternating electric field,the protein loss rate and the total number of bacteria of Penaeus vannamei decreased significantly.
Key words alternating electric field;micro-frozing preservation;aquatic product
水產品富含營養物質,但同時富含大量的水分,極易腐爛,每年有大量漁獲物在運輸或存儲過程中因保鮮問題而導致品質下降,甚至腐敗。此外,由于我國海洋漁業資源日益匱乏,加之人們對水產品需求量日益增大,使我國海洋漁業不得不擴大船型,由近海漁業漸漸向遠洋發展,而遠洋漁業的發展不僅要求增加生產量,還要求在長時間內能盡可能地保持魚品的質量與鮮味,以便能滿足大眾多樣化需求,進而達到提高漁業效益的目的。因此,漁獲物的保鮮問題一直困擾著海洋捕撈業的發展。
目前,水產品漁獲物的保鮮主要是采用低溫冷藏冷凍的方法,一般選擇0~4 ℃冷藏、-4~-1 ℃冷凍及-40~-18 ℃凍藏這3個溫度帶[1]。通常溫度較高的冷藏保鮮期很短,僅能維持幾天,低溫冷凍的保鮮期較長,但長期低溫冷凍會導致水產品不可預測的蛋白質變性、持水力下降、解凍后汁液流失等品質的劣化,使水產品的鮮度和美味大幅降低。……