荊門市彭場林場濕地松高產脂子代林的調查

楊雄 劉樂平

（荊門市彭場林場 荊門 448269）

摘 要： ?以荊門市彭場林場12年生濕地松子代林為測定研究對象，隨機挑選15個家系90棵濕地松，通過對其樹高、胸徑、冠幅等生長量以及產脂量進行均值比較和變異系數比較，分析其生長狀況以及各家系之間的生長差異及產脂差異，為湖北省濕地松遺傳改良提供依據。結果表明：家系之間生長量差異不顯著，產脂量差異不顯著;樹高，胸徑、冠幅與均值差距較小，生長較均衡;胸徑，冠幅家系變異系數較大;生長量和產脂量的家系遺傳力在0.38～0.66，受較較低遺傳控制，單株遺傳力在0.26～0.39; 15個家系胸徑平均值在15～18.8 cm，樹高在8.31～11.11 m，冠幅在2.3～3.5 m，死枝下高8.31～11.36 m，活枝下高在4.06～6.05 m，生長狀況良好。產脂量在1.07 ～1.25 kg。荊門彭場林場已經篩選出來的兩個高產家系產脂量為1.51 kg和1.68 kg，本試驗15個家系與之比較均小，所以通過這些初步的分析可以得出這15個家系不能成為高產家系所選擇的對象。

關鍵詞： ?濕地松;生長量;產脂量;彭場林場

中圖分類號： S791?? ?文獻標識碼： A?? ?文章編號： 1004-3020（2018）05-0021-06

Investigation on Offspring of ?Pinus elliottii ?with High Resein Production in Pengchang Forest Farm， Jingmen

Yang Xiong Liu Leping

（Pengchang Forest Farm Jingmen 448269）

Abstract： ??Ninty 12-year-old trees of ?Pinus elliottii ?were randomly selected for investigation from 15 families of ?Pinus elliottii ?in Pengchang Forest Farm， Jingmen， Hubei. The tree height， the diameter at the breast height （DBH）， the crown width， the resin production and the coefficient of variation were compared， and the individual growth status and the difference of growth and resin production among the families were analyzed. The analysis results provided the basis for genetic improvement of ?Pinus elliottii ?in Hubei province. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth and resion production among family lines. The value of tree height， DBH， crown width and the mean value was close， and the growth was uniform. The coefficient of the variation of the crown width between families was high. The heritability of growth and resin production between family lines ranged from 0.38 to 0.66 with high genetic control and the single plant heritability ranged from 0.26 to 0.39; the average DBH of 15 family lines was 15～18.8 cm， and the height of the trees was 8.31～11.11 m， and the crown width was 2.3～3.5 m， and the height under the dead branch was 8.31～11.36 m， and the height under the living branch was 4.06 ～ 6.05 m. The growth condition of the trees was good. The annual yield of resin was between 1.07 ～1.25 kg， which were lower than that of 1.51 kg and 1.68 kg which were produced by the two high-resin-yielding families in Pengchang Forest Farm. Based on the above results， we concluded that these 15 family lines can not become the target of high-resin-yielding family lines.

Key words： ??Pinus elliottii ; growth; resin yield ; Pengchang Forest Farm

濕地松 （Pinus elliottii） 屬于松科，起源于美國，是世界上重要的用材樹種和脂類生產樹種。生長迅速，適應性強，成活率高，造林方便。可作為各種工業用材、建筑材料和紙漿原料，還可生產優質松香及其他林副產品。它自20世紀30年代傳入中國，現已成為中國南部丘陵區主要造林樹種之一 ?[1]。為了培育出濕地松高產優良家系，長期以來，研究者討論了濕地松生長 ?[2]、形態、材性 ?[3，4]、松脂 ?[5，6]和松香質量 ?[6]的遺傳變異，并選擇適合江西、湖南、浙江 ?[7]和其他省份不同地區的環境，以及不同經濟用途的遺傳增益較高的濕地松優良家系。……