孫大發 樊孝萍 袁彭春 康 霞 金濤
摘 要: ?中國的改革開放用不到四十年走過了西方發達國家二、三百年走過的路。這場被譽為新中國的第二次革命,不僅深刻改變了中國,也深刻影響了世界。從環境保護意識的萌芽,到實施可持續發展戰略,再到習近平新時代生態文明建設思想的形成,對我國生態環境的改善、對美麗中國的實現皆具有重要意義。正所謂“理念一變天地寬”,環境改善,關鍵在于理念的轉變。
關鍵詞: ?改革開放;環境保護;理論與實踐
中圖分類號: X74?? ?文獻標識碼: A?? ?文章編號: 1004-3020(2018)05-0069-03
Discussion on the Theory and Practice of Environmental Protection During Chinas Forty Years of Reform and Opening
Sun Dafa ?(1) Fan Xiaoping ?(2) Yuan Pengchun ?(3) Kang Xia ?(4) Jin Tao ?(5)
(1. Shishou City Party School Jingzhou 434400; 2. Shishou Poplar Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Forestry Jingzhou 434400;3. Shishou City Urban Area Forestry Management Station Jingzhou 434400; 4. Shishou City Forestry Science Research Institute Jingzhou 434400; 5. Shishou City Forestry Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Brigade Jingzhou 434400)
Abstract: ??China's reform and opening up in less than 40 years, which is known as the second revolution of China, has has gone through the road of two or three hundred years in western developed countries and not only changed China profoundly, but also affected the world deeply. From the seeds of environmental protection consciousness, to implement the strategy of sustainable development, to the Jinping Xis thought on the construction of the new era of ecological civilization, to improve the ecological environment in China are of great significance for the ecological environment improvement and the construction of beautiful China. “The ideas changed, and then the world widen”. In a word, the hinge of the environmental improvement is the transforming of the ideas.
Key words: ?reform and opening up; environmental protection; theory and practice
20世紀70~80年代,隨著發達國家現代化的實現,臭氧層損害、全球氣候變暖、生物多樣性銳減、空氣、水質、土壤污染等一系列的全球性環境問題開始全面爆發,而這一時期發展中國家的現代化提速,也使得人與自然的沖突和危機不斷升級。嚴峻的環境問題,使得國際社會開始關注全球的可持續發展。1972年,中國代表團參加了在斯德哥爾摩召開的聯合國人類環境會議,會議上提到的國外環境問題的嚴峻性對我國環境保護的制度設計、污染治理和環境管理等產生了重大影響。1973年召開的第一次全國環境保護會議,揭開了中國環境保護事業的序幕。
從總體上看,改革開放之前中國工業化水平比較低,環境污染并沒有成為中國經濟社會發展中的大問題。國內局部的污染事件和國外環境保護運動的推進,我國開始逐漸重視環境保護。改革開放以后,中國經濟發展迅速,環境問題日益顯現并危及生態安全,倒逼環境保護力度升級?!?br>