強調結構的十個細節

甘雪梅

為了突出我們想表達的內容，我們通常會采用一些方法讓其他人注意到這個部分，而強調句就是這樣的一個手段。本文總結了強調結構的基本用法和使用時應注意的十個細節。

基本用法

為了強調句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）常用強調結構：

It is（was）+被強調部分+that（who）...

例如：

I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

強調主語：It was I that（who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

強調賓語：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

強調地點狀語：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

十個細節

1. 一般來說，原句的謂語動詞如果是現在時或將來時，用It is ... that（who）... 結構；如果是過去的各種時態用It was... that（who）... 結構。如：

It is Tom that /who goes to school on foot every day.

It was Tom that /who broke the window yesterday.

2. 強調主語時，that/who后面的謂語動詞要與被強調部分的人稱與數要保持一致。如：

It is I that/who am a teacher.

3. 即使被強調的部分是復數，也用it is或it was。如：

It is they what/ who often help me with my homework.

4. 在強調時間、地點，方式或原因狀語時，不要用when， where， how， why， 而用that；另外，只有強調人時，才可以用who代替that。如：

It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed.

5. 被強調的部分是代詞，主語用主格，賓語用賓格。如：

It was he that helped me yesterday.

It was me that he helped yesterday.

6. 在強調一般疑問句中的某一成分時，把is/was提前。如：

普通句：Did this happen in Beijing？

強調句：Was it in Beijing that this happened？

7. 特殊疑問句的強調句結構是：

被強調部分（通常是疑問詞）+is/was it that+... 如：

普通句：Where are you born？

強調句：Where was it that you were born？

8. 強調部分既包括人又包括物時，用that不用who。如：

It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.

9. not ... until ... 句型的強調句，用It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其他部分。如：

普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

強調句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till， until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not ... 已經是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

10. 強調謂語動詞，不可用It is/ was ... that ... 結構，而要用助動詞do/ does或did，其后用原形，相當于漢語的“的確”“真的”“一定”“務必”。如：

Do sit down.

He did write to you last week.

Do be careful when you cross the street.

注意：此種強調只能強調謂語動詞為一般現在時或一般過去時的情況，進行時或完成時是不能用do， does， did來強調的。

強調句是一種非常好用的句型，能夠清楚明確地指出你想要表達的重點。

因此，建議考生在寫作中恰當運用。endprint