悲劇的誕生（節(jié)選）

弗里德里希·威廉·尼采

We can learn something about that na?ve artist through the analogy of dream.

We can imagine the dreamer as he calls out to himself， still caught in the illusion of his dream and without disturbing it， “This is a dream， and I want to go on dreaming，” and we can infer， on the one hand， that he takes deep delight in the contemplation of his dream， on the other， that he must have forgotten the day， with its horrible importunity， so to enjoy his dream.

Apollo， the interpreter of dreams， will furnish the clue to what is happening here.

Although of the two halves of life—the waking and the dreaming—the former is generally considered not only the more important but the only one which is truly lived， I would， at the risk of sounding paradoxical， propose the opposite view.

The more I have come to realize in nature those omnipotent formative tendencies and， with them， an intense longing for illusion， the more I feel inclined to the hypothesis that the original Oneness， the ground of Being， ever suffering and contradictory， time and again has need of rapt vision and delightful illusion to redeem itself.

Since we ourselves are the very stuff of such illusions， we must view ourselves as the truly non-existent， that is to say， as a perpetual unfolding in time， space， and causality—what we label “empiric reality”.

關(guān)于那種素樸的藝術(shù)家，若以夢(mèng)境為喻，可以給我們一些啟發(fā)。

試設(shè)想一個(gè)做夢(mèng)的人，他沉湎于夢(mèng)境而不愿驚擾其夢(mèng)，對(duì)自己說(shuō)：“是夢(mèng)吧，我索性夢(mèng)下去吧！”我們由此可以推斷：一方面，他在夢(mèng)境中體驗(yàn)到一種內(nèi)心的快感；另一方面，為了能心滿意足地夢(mèng)下去，他必須完全忘掉白晝的現(xiàn)實(shí)以及迫人的憂患。

所以，憑借解夢(mèng)神阿波羅的指導(dǎo)，我們對(duì)這一切現(xiàn)象可以作如下的闡明：

雖然在生活的兩面，在清醒和睡夢(mèng)中，前者似乎確實(shí)是更可貴，而且是唯一身受的生活；然而，我坦白地主張我們對(duì)于夢(mèng)也應(yīng)予以相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾暋?/p>

因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)察出這種萬(wàn)能的藝術(shù)沖動(dòng)，見(jiàn)到它力求表現(xiàn)為幻象并且通過(guò)幻象而得救的熱情，我便愈覺(jué)得有必要作如下的假設(shè)：真正的存在和本原，永劫和矛盾，常常也需要醉心的幻影，快樂(lè)的幻象來(lái)救濟(jì)自身。

我們既然置身于這種幻象中，而且是由它構(gòu)成的，就勢(shì)必覺(jué)得我們本身是真正的虛無(wú)，是時(shí)間、空間、因果的無(wú)窮變幻，換句話說(shuō)，是經(jīng)驗(yàn)的實(shí)在。

Word Study

illusion /?'lu???n/ n. 幻想；錯(cuò)覺(jué)

He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality.

interpreter /?n't??pr?t?（r）/ n. 解釋者；譯者

Speaking through an interpreter， the President said that the talks were going well.

contradictory /?k?ntr?'d?kt?ri/ adj. 相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的

The advice I received was often contradictory.endprint