Syntheses and Structures of Two Metal-organic Frameworks Constructed from Zn/Ni and 3-Formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) Benzoic Acid Ligand①

ANEES ABBAS ZHANG Jie LI Zi-Jin LIU Yn LIU Bi-Zhn CUI Yong

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Syntheses and Structures of Two Metal-organic Frameworks Constructed from Zn/Ni and 3-Formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) Benzoic Acid Ligand①

ANEES ABBASaZHANG JieaLI Zi-JianaLIU Yana②LIU Bai-Zhanb②CUI Yonga①

a(200240)b(200240)

Twometal-organic frameworks [(Zn0.5L)·(H2O)]n(1)and[(Ni0.5L)·(H2O)]n(2)constructed bythe3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid ligand (HL) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space groupwith= 16.6152(8),= 12.6825(6),= 15.3908(8) ?,= 3243.2(3) ?3,= 4,M=511.12,D= 1.047 g/cm3,(000) = 1048,= 1.144 mm-1,=1.061, the final= 0.0471 and= 0.1262 for12168 observed reflections with> 2(). 2 is isostructural to 1, which also crystallizes in orthorhombic space groupwith= 16.6152(8),= 12.6825(6),= 15.3908(8) ?,= 3243.2(3) ?3,= 4,M= 511.12,D= 1.047 g/cm3,(000) = 1048,= 1.144 mm-1,= 1.061, the final= 0.0471 and= 0.1262 for 12168 observed reflections with> 2().Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction were discussed.

metal-organic frameworks, crystal structure, Zn, Ni, formyl;

1 INTRODUCTION

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a novel class of crystalline porous materials have drawn much attention for the last decades[1-15]. MOFs are being actively studied for various applications such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, proton conduction, environmental monitoring, chemical sensing, ion exchange, drug delivery,.[16-26].

To organize molecules in 3D space, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent pile materials. Installing complex functional moieties into the MOF skeleton led to rapid elaboration of MOF diversity. Postsynthetic modification (PSM) is also a powerful method of tuning MOF composition, functionality, and porosity. It is becoming increasingly important to develop MOFs possessing functionality that can modify the pore or bring in sophisticated properties. Postsynthetic modification (PSM) represents an attractive strategy of functionalization[27]. Particu- larly attractive, the organic component of MOFs can be prefabricated to contain a specific reactive group (tag), and then rational covalent PSM may be performed via the diverse organic reactions develo-ped by organic chemists. More approaches of PSM are still being sought to enrich the diversity and complexity of MOFs and to achieve better perfor- mance and new functions[28]. However, there is a dilemma in the study: on the one hand, the group chosen to a tag MOF should not coordinate to the metal ion and should be stable enough to survive the synthetic conditions of MOF; on the other hand, most MOFs have limited chemical stability, so the tag should be active enough to allow PSM under mild conditions without destroying the MOF structure.

A possible limitation for the study is the chemical lability of the aldehyde group, which could be incompatible with the synthetic reactions for MOFs[29]. Here we report the synthesis of aldehyde- tagged MOFs 1 and 2 by the direct solvothermal reaction. MOFs 1 and 2 wereconstructed by the 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid ligand and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction[30].

2 EXPERIMENTAL

2. 1 Materials and apparatus

The ligand 4-bromo-3-formylbenzoic acid (HL) was synthesized according to the procedure of literature[30]. The ligand 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid was synthesized in 65% yield by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction between 4-pyridylboronic and 4-bromo-3-formyl- benzoic acids. Other chemicals were commercially available, and used without further purification. The FT-IR (KBr pellet) spectra were recorded (400～4000 cm-1region) on a Nicolet Magna 750 FT-IR spectrometer. TGA was carried out in a N2atmos- phere at a heating rate of 10 °C min-1on a STA449C integration thermal analyzer. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data were collected on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer using Curadiation at 40 kV, 40 mA power.

2. 2 Syntheses of 1 and 2

2. 2. 1 Synthesis of 1

Amixture of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (8.9 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid (6.8 mg, 0.03 mmol), DMF (1 mL), and EtOH (0.5 mL) in a capped vial was heated at 80oC for 48 h. Prismatic crystals of 1 were filtered, washed with MeOH and Et2O, respectively and dried at room temperature. Yield: 29.3 mg (69%) based on [(Zn0.5L)·(H2O)]n. Anal. Calcd. for [(Zn0.5L)·(H2O)]n: C, 56.38; H, 3.64; N, 5.06%. Found: C, 56.40; H, 3.57; N, 5.10%.

FT-IR (KBr pellet,/cm-1):472 (m), 642 (w), 766 (m), 780 (s), 815 (m), 837 (m), 946 (m), 1010 (m), 1098 (m), 1192 (m), 1224 (m), 1243 (m), 1296 (m), 1374 (s), 1424 (s), 1554 (m), 1618 (s), 1699 (s), 2750 (w), 2860 (w), 2974 (w), 3065 (w).

2. 2. 2 Synthesis of 2

Amixture of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (8.7 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid (6.8 mg, 0.03 mmol), DMF (1 mL), and EtOH (0.5 mL) in a capped vial was heated at 80oC for 48 h. Blue prismatic crystals of 2 were filtered, washed with MeOH and Et2O respectively, and dried at room temperature. Yield: 25.9 mg (61%), based on [(Zn0.5L)·(H2O)]n. Anal. Calcd. for [(Zn0.5L)·(H2O)]n: C, 57.07; H, 3.68; N, 5.12%. Found: C, 57.10; H, 3.75; N, 5.20%.

FT-IR (KBr pellet,/cm-1):472 (m), 648 (w), 766 (m), 784 (s), 821 (m), 838 (m), 948 (m), 1010 (w), 1100 (m), 1193 (m), 1224 (m), 1250 (m), 1303 (w), 1386 (s), 1420 (s), 1438 (s), 1529 (m), 1549 (m), 1581 (s), 1610 (s), 1697 (s), 2756 (w), 2848 (w), 2933 (w), 3185 (w), 3409 (w).

2. 3 Crystallographic measurements

Single-crystal XRD data for 1 and 2 were collec- ted on a Bruker APEX-II CCD diffractometer with graphite-monochromatic Curadiation (= 1.54178 ?) at 123(2) K. The structure was solved and refined by direct methods with SHELXS-2014 and refined with SHELXL-201431using32. All the non-hydrogen atoms were refined by full-matrix techniques with anisotropic displa- cement parameters and the hydrogen atoms were geometrically fixed at the calculated positions attached to their parent atoms, and treated as riding atoms.Contributions to scattering due to these highly disordered solvent molecules were removed using theroutine of(Spek, A. L.2003, 36, 7); Structures were then refined again using the data generated. For 1 (CCDC-1547814), the final=0.0471and0.1262(= 1/[2(F2) + (0.1071)2], where= (F2+ 2F2)/3),= 1.061, (Δ/)max= 0.001, (Δ)max= 0.199 and (Δ)min= –0.288 e/?3.For 2 (CCDC-1547815), the final=0.0471 and0.1262(= 1/[2(F2) + (0.1071)2], where= (F2+ 2F2)/3),= 1.061, (Δ/)max= 0.001, (Δ)max= 0.199 and (Δ)min= –0.288 e/?3. The selected bond lengths and bond angles are given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

Table 1. Selected Bond Lengths (?) and Bond Angles (°) for 1

Symmetry transformation:#1 –+1/2, –+1,; #2 –+1,+1/2,+1/2; #3–1/2, –+1/2,+1/2; #4+1/2, –+1/2,–1/2

Table 2. Selected Bond Lengths (?) and Bond Angles (°) for 2

Symmetry transformation: #1 –+1/2, –+1,; #2–1/2, –+1/2,+1/2; #3 –+1,+1/2,+1/2; #4+1/2, –+1/2,–1/2

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3. 1 Synthesis and characterization of 1 and 2

As shown in Scheme 1, the ligand 3-formyl-4- (pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid was synthesized in 65% yield based on 4-bromo-3-formylbenzoic acid by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction between 4-pyridylboronic and 4-bromo-3-formyl- benzoic acids. 1 and 2 were obtained by solvother- mal reactions between Zn(II), Ni(II) ions and 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid, respectively. Their phase purity was confirmed by experimental and simulated X-ray powder diffraction patterns. After the removal of guest solvents by solvent exchange followed by thermal activation under vacuum at 80 °C, 1 and 2 still retained their frameworks indicated by powder XRD (Fig. 1). As shown in Fig. 2, products 1 and 2 show a strong band at ～1690 cm?1, characteristic of aldehyde(C=O).According to thermogravimetric analysis (Fig. 3), materials 1 and 2 release solvent molecules upon heating to 200 °C. The framework starts to decompose at about 350 °C.

Scheme 1. Syntheses of 1 and 2

Fig. 1. Simulated and experimental PXRD patterns of 1 and 2

Fig. 2. IR spectra of 1 and 2

Fig 3. Thermal analysis curves of 1 and 2

3. 2 Structural descriptions

1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupwith the asymmetric unit consisting of half a Zn(II) ion and one 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid ligand. The Zn ion exhibits a distorted octahedral environment supplied by N atoms of pyridine moieties of two ligands with the Zn–N bond length of 2.0599(19) ? and two chelated carboxylate groups of two ligands with the Zn?O bond lengths ranging from 2.0457(15) to 2.3223(17) ?, as shown in Fig. 4a. The lengths of Zn?N and Zn?O are within the range reported for Zn(II) based coordination polymers[33]. And each ligand connects two Zn(II) centers (Fig. 4b). Thus, each Zn in 1 is linked by four ligandsand each ligand is linked to two Zn to generate a 3D diamond network. Two kinds of these 3D networks interpenetrate with each other to generate the final framework.

Isostructural to 1, 2 alsocrystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupwith the Ni?N bond length of 2.030(4) ? and the Ni?O bond lengths ranging from 2.056(3) to2.157(4) ?, which are within the range reported for Ni(II) based coordination polymers[34-41].

Fig. 4. Coordination modes for Zn(II) in 1 (a) and Ni(II) in 2 (b)Hydrogen atoms and guest molecules are omitted for clarity

Fig. 5. 2-fold-interpenetrated nets (a) and the simplified topology (b) in 1

4 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we have synthesized two new metal-organic frameworks with zinc and nickel based on the 3-formyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid, respectively. They have been characterized by the single-crystal, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and TGA. In addition, the active aldehyde group in the two MOFs provides a versatile and convenient “handle” for PSM and the study is underway.

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5 May 2017;

0 August 2017 (CCDC.1547814 for 1 and 1547815 for 2)

10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2011-1712

① This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21371119, 21431004, 21401128, 21522104, and 21620102001), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB932102 and 2016YFA0203400), and the Shanghai “Eastern Scholar” Program

②Liu Yan, female. professor. E-mail: liuy@sjtu.edu.cn; Liu Bai-Zhan. male, E-mail: liubzh@sh-tobacco.com.cn;Cui Yong, male, professor. E-mail: yongcui@sjtu.edu.cn