張 謝,周 華,張宏宇,肖 健*
(1.寧波市醫療中心李惠利醫院 藥劑科, 浙江 寧波 315040; 2.溫州醫科大學 藥學系, 浙江 溫州 325035)
脊髓損傷(spinal cord injury,SCI)是嚴重危害人類生存和生活質量的一類中樞性神經創傷。血脊髓屏障(blood spinal cord barrier, BSCB)的破壞將嚴重擾亂脊髓內環境穩態,是脊髓損傷后難愈的重要原因,是后續其他損傷機制相互聯系、互相作用的重要通路和中心環節[1]。堿性成纖維細胞生長因子(basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF),是一個具有神經保護作用的細胞因子[2- 3]。本研究旨在研究bFGF對體內BSCB的維護是否具有保護作用,并探討其相關機制。
藥品與試劑 bFGF(中國格魯斯特公司),p120-catenin、β-catenin、claudin- 5和occludin抗體(Abcam 公司),羊抗兔 IgG-HRP(Bioworld公司),其他所有試劑(Sigma公司)。
SPF 級,SD大鼠,體質量為220~250 g [上海斯萊克實驗動物有限責任公司,合格證號:SCXK(滬)2012- 0002]。在溫州醫科大學動物實驗中心分籠飼養。
1.2.1 動物分組及處理:將動物隨機分為3組,假手術組(sham),模型組(SCI)腹腔內注射10%水合氯醛(3.5 mL/kg)麻醉,暴露脊柱 T8-10段,固定于打擊器平臺,撞擊T9節段,打擊器力度約150 kdyn,bFGF干預組(SCI+bFGF)術后30 min,背部給予bFGF(80 μg/kg),之后每隔1 d給藥1次,每組各6只,于術后14 d處死。
1.2.2 BBB評分觀察大鼠后肢運動功能:根據BBB評分標準[4],在脊髓損傷后1、3、7和14 d進行評分。評分采用雙人雙盲法,獨立觀察各組大鼠雙后肢行動能力并記錄。
1.2.3 動物組織處理及組織切片:腹腔注射10% 水合氯醛麻醉,先用0.9%氯化鈉溶液快速沖洗,再用4%多聚甲醛灌注固定。剝取損傷脊髓T7-T10,然后將其置于15% 蔗糖溶液中4 ℃過夜,OCT包埋,液氮凝固,存于-80 ℃備用。組織切片:將包埋好的組織塊在-20 ℃ 冰凍切片機內復溫30 min,進行切片,厚度均為20 μm(用于伊文思藍直接觀察)或5 μm(用于HE染色,免疫熒光染色),存于-20 ℃備用。
1.2.4 HE染色觀察組織:冰凍切片室溫復溫30 min,85%乙醇45 s,95%乙醇1 min,100% 乙醇Ⅰ 12 min,100%乙醇Ⅱ 2 min梯度脫水,蘇木精-伊紅染色,中性樹膠封片,鏡下觀察。
1.2.5 伊文思藍檢測通透性:經尾靜脈注射2%伊文思藍溶液(4 mL/kg),2 h后,用0.9%氯化鈉沖洗至全身血液沖凈。取脊髓組織T7-T10段,按脊髓組織重量(g)與甲酰胺體積(mL)1∶5比例萃取。37 ℃水浴鍋孵育3 d,15 000 r/min離心30 min,取上清,檢測其熒光強度。
1.2.6 FITC-dextran檢測通透性:經尾靜脈注射 FITC-dextran溶液(4 mL/kg),2 h后,用0.9%氯化鈉溶液沖洗至全身血液沖凈。取1 g脊髓組織,加10 mL0.9%氯化鈉溶液,12 000 r/min離心10 min,取上清。甲醇與乙醇按1∶2的比例混合,取200 μL加入到收集的上清中,測定析出,3 h后,12 000 r/min離心20 min,吸取上清液200 μL,酶標儀檢測其熒光強度。
1.2.7 Western blot 法檢測蛋白表達:上樣量100 μg,用10.6% 凝膠恒壓分離,濕轉到PVDF 膜上,5%脫脂牛奶室溫封閉。膜用1×TBST洗滌3,一抗濃度為1∶1 000, 4 ℃孵育過夜,二抗濃度為1∶10 000, 室溫孵育2 h,加入顯色液,于凝膠成像儀器曝光。

模型組BBB評分明顯低于假手術組(P<0.05),bFGF 干預組BBB評分顯著回升(P<0.05)(圖1A)。
脊髓損傷后3 d,模型組可見損傷區及鄰近區有出血的現象,并且部分細胞溶解消失,局部有空泡形成,灰質中心明顯壞死、軸索紊亂不規則(圖1B)。模型組神經元明顯丟失,而給予bFGF后,相比較模型組,bFGF干預組脊髓組織病理結構明顯改善,神經元丟失減少(圖1C,D)。
脊髓損傷后,伊文思藍的滲透迅速增加,術后1 d達到頂峰,之后慢慢下降。術后0.25、1、3和7 d,與模型組相比,bFGF干預組伊文思藍的滲透明顯減少(圖2B);術后1 d,脊髓直觀圖(圖2A)以及縱切的熒光圖(圖2C)結果顯示,bFGF干預組大鼠脊髓損傷周圍染料的擴散量明顯比模型組少。術后1 d,bFGF干預組FITC-dextran的滲透明顯比模型組少(圖2D)。
與假手術組相比,模型組黏附連接蛋白(p120-catenin,β-catenin)和緊密連接蛋白(occludin,claudin- 5)均顯著下調,且在損傷1 d后表達最低,其中β-catenin和occludin在第7天發生上調,而p120-catenin和claudin- 5的表達在第7天仍處于低水平狀態(圖3A,B)。與模型組相比,bFGF干預組以上4個蛋白表達均顯著上升(圖3C,D)。
對于脊髓損傷的治療,之前的研究大多關注于損傷后后肢感覺和運動功能的恢復,主要涉及神經元的保護,忽視微血管的反應。在創傷性大鼠脊髓損傷模型中發現, 減少BSCB的破壞可以起到顯著

A.BBB scores of SCI model rat at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after contusion;*P<0.05,**P<0.01 compared with the SCI group; B.HE staining results of SCI rat at 3 days after contusion; C.NeuN staining results of SCI rat at 3 days post injury; D.quantification of the number of neuron index;*P<0.05 compared with the sham group;#P<0.05 compared with the SCI group


A.representative whole spinal cords showing Evans blue dye permeabilized into the spinal cord at 1 day; B.quantification of Evans blue dye extracted from spinal cord at 6 hours-14 days postinjury with or without bFGF; C.representative confocal images of sham, SCI, and bFGFgroups; D.quantification of the FITC-dextran extravasation;*P<0.01 compared with sham group;#P<0.05,##P<0.01 compared with SCI group


A.protein levels of p120-catenin, β-catenin,occludin, and claudin- 5 at 6 hours-7 days after injury; B.densitometric analyses of p120-catenin, β-catenin,occludin, and claudin- 5 of figue A; C.protein levels of p120-catenin, β-catenin,occludin, and claudin- 5 proteins 1 d after bFGF treatment; D.densitometric analyses of p120-catenin, β-catenin,occludin, and claudin- 5 of figue C;*P<0.05 compared with sham group;#P<0.05 compared with the SCI group

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