典型句型大聚會

上海 杜慶黎

●句型梳理

1.By the time I got up，my brother had already gotten in the shower.

by the time意為“在……以前；到……的時候”，后面常接句子，用來限定時間，與before或when同義。如果從句用了一般過去時，主句一般常用過去完成時；如果主句用了一般將來時，從句常用一般現在時表示將來。例如：

By the time I got outside，the school bus had already gone.在我出門以前，校車已經離開了。

He will be a doctor by the time he is thirty.到三十歲時，他將會成為一名醫生。

【真題鏈接】

By the time I got back to school,the bell_____.

【2015·龍東中考題】

A.rang B.has rung

C.had rung

【答案與解析】C by the time意為“在……以前；到……的時候”,如果其引導的時間狀語從句是一般過去時,主句則用過去完成時。

2.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.

be about to do sth.意為“正要/馬上就要做某事”,可以表示將來的情況,但它表達的是最近的將來。例如：

The new term is about to begin.新學期就要開始了。

【知識拓展】

be about to do sth.when...意為“正要做某事,這時……”,其中的when...意為“(突然)這時……”。例如：

I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.我正要上床睡覺,這時電話響了。

They were about to leave when it started to snow.他們正要離開,這時突然開始下起雪來。

We were about to start when it began to rain.我們剛要出發天就下起雨來。

【真題鏈接】

—Did Mrs.White call you yesterday morning?

—Yes.I was about _____out for lunch when the telephone rang.

【2016·德州中考題】

A.going B.to going

C.to go D.go

【答案與解析】C be about to do sth.when...意為“正要做某事，這時……”，about后面要用to do形式。

3.When I got to school,I realized that I had left my backpack at home.

“leave sth.+地點”表示“把某物落在某地”，其中的“地點”多用介詞短語表示,要注意其中的動詞leave不要換成forget。例如：

I left my passport in the hotel.我把我的護照落在旅館了。

Maybe you've left your key in the library.也許你把鑰匙落在圖書館了。

【真題鏈接】

—We can't enter the room.I can't find my key.

—Is it possible that you _____it at home?

【2017·南京中考題】

A.left B.fixed

C.managed D.designed

【答案與解析】A left(leave的過去式)意為“遺忘”；fix意為“修理”；manage意為“管理”；design意為“設計”。根據題干上句句意“我們不能進入房間，我找不到我的鑰匙了。”并結合所給選項可知，題干下句句意應是“你會不會把它落在家里了？”。

4.As I was waiting in line with the other office workers,I heard a loud sound.

句中的as引導的是時間狀語從句。當主句是一般過去時，as或just as引導的從句的謂語是過去進行時，整個復合句表達的是“正當/就在……的時候，另外一件事情發生了”。例如：

As we were walking across the fields,a hare jumped out the grass.正當我們走路穿過田野時，一只野兔從草叢中跳了出來。

【真題鏈接】

A visitor arrived just as we _______out for the airport.

【2016·賀州中考題】

A.are setting B.were setting

C.will set D.have set

【答案與解析】B 句意：正當我們要動身去機場時，有位客人到了。根據句意和主句為一般過去時可知，設空處要用過去進行時。

5.We're trying to save the earth.

try to do sth.意為“盡力去做某事”，其中的to是動詞不定式符號，后面接動詞原形，其否定形式為try not to do sth.。例如：

I will try to finish the work in a week.我將盡力在一周內完成這項工作。

We try not to trouble him.我們盡量不打擾他。

【知識拓展】

try doing sth.表示“試著做某事”。例如：

Try doing it in another way.試著用另一種方法來做這件事。

【特別提醒】

manage to do sth.表示“設法完成(某件困難的事)”，包含經過努力之后達到了目的。例如：

We managed to get to the airport on time.我們設法準時趕到了機場。

【真題鏈接】

—I didn't hear you come in just now.

—That's good.I tried _______the baby up.

【2017·樂山中考題】

A.to wake B.not to wake

C.waking

【答案與解析】B 題干上句句意為“我剛才沒有聽見你進來”，根據題干下句中第一句的句意“那很好。”可知，第二句的句意應是“我盡量不弄醒這個嬰兒”。try not to do sth.意為“盡量不做某事”。

6.I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.

remember doing sth.意為“記得做過某事”，表示動作已經發生；remember to do sth.意為“記得要做某事”，表示動作尚未發生。例如：

I remember telling you about it before.我記得以前和你談過這件事。

Please remember to phone me when you get there.到了那里請記住給我打個電話。

【真題鏈接】

—Mr.Ling,I have some difficulty _______ the article.

—Remember _______it three or four times at least.

【2016·泰州中考題】

A.to understand;reading

B.understanding;reading

C.understanding;to read

D.to understand;to read

【答案與解析】C句意：——凌先生,我在理解這篇文章上有困難。——記住至少要讀三到四遍。have difficulty(in)doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”；remember to do sth.意為“記得要做某事”，表示某事還沒有做，remember doing sth.意為“記得做過某事”。結合句意及語境可知“至少要讀三到四遍”這個動作還沒有發生。

7.But along with difficulties,there will also be many exciting things waiting for you.

There be sb./sth.doing sth.是固定句型，意為“有某人或某物正在做某事/某事正在發生”。be動詞的數要與句型中主語的數保持一致。例如：

There are some little girls playing games under the tree.有一些小女孩正在樹下玩游戲。

There is a new machine working on the farm.在農場有一臺新機器正在工作。

【真題鏈接】

—There are some boys _______ basketball over there.

—Let's go and join them.【2017·恩施市中考題】

A.are playing B.playing C.to play

【答案與解析】B 根據題干下句句意“讓我們去加入他們吧”可知，題干上句句意應是“有一些男孩正在那邊打籃球”，符合“There be sb.doing sth.”句型。

●跟蹤檢測

Ⅰ.根據句意，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳的答案。

1.Look!There are some birds _______ in the sky.They are very beautiful.

A.to fly B.fly C.flying D.flown

2.By the time my parents got home yesterday,I _______dinner already.

A.have cooked B.cooked C.was cooking D.had cooked

3.I was about to get out of the room _______the door was opened.

A.where B.when C.that D.till

4.—Hi,Laura.Do you still remember _______me in the camp in Beidaihe?

—Of course I do.You were so careful and always remembered _______a map.

A.seeing;to take B.seeing;taking

C.to see;to take D.to see;taking

Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一詞。

5.We tried to make the visitors leave here early.(改為否定句)

We tried ______________make the visitors leave here early.

6.I was walking in the street.I saw a boy eating an ice-cream in a corner.(用as合并句子)

_______ _______ _______ _______in the street,I saw a boy eating an ice-cream in a corner.

7.直到到了辦公室，我才意識到我把鑰匙落在家里了。(根據漢語,完成譯句)

I didn't realize that I ______________my key at home _______I arrived at my office.