“警告”“查找”“失敗”了“要求”“處理”應“注意”②

廣東 林為農

□用法點撥

warn

warn是動詞,意為“警告；告誡；提醒”,常見用法如下：

1.warn sb.of sth.提醒某人注意某事。例如：

Her parents have already warned her of her homework.她的父母已告誡她注意她的家庭作業。

2.warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事。例如：

The teacher warns the kids not to go out alone at night.老師告誡孩子們晚上不要獨自外出。

3.warn sb.+that從句 警告某人……例如：

The policeman warned him that it was dangerous to drive so fast.警察警告他車開那么快很危險。

【真題回放】

To keep children away from danger,we warn parents_______children at home alone.【孝感市中考題】

A.leave B.to leave

C.not leave D.not to leave

【答案與解析】D 考查warn的用法。warn sb.to do sth.意為“警告某人做某事”,根據語境及常識可知本句的意思應為“為了使孩子們遠離危險,我們警告家長不要把孩子們單獨留在家里”,此處應用否定結構,即warn sb.not to do sth.,意為“警告某人不要做某事”。

look up

look up意為“(在詞典、參考書中)查找；查閱”,其后可接名詞或代詞作賓語,接名詞時,名詞可置于短語后,也可置于短語之間；接代詞時,代詞必須置于短語之間。例如：

May I use your dictionary to look up a few words？=May I use your dictionary to look a few words up？ 我可以用你的詞典查找幾個詞嗎？

If you don't know the meaning of the word,you can look it up in the dictionary.如果你不知道這個詞的意思,可以在詞典中查找。

【真題回放】

You can_______the word in the dictionary if you don't know it.【青島市中考題】

A.give away B.cut off

C.take after D.look up

【答案與解析】D 考查動詞短語辨析。give away贈送；cut off切除；take after相像；look up查找。句意：如果你不知道這個詞,你可以在詞典中查找它。

fail

fail作為動詞,意思是“失?。徊患案瘛?常見用法如下：

1.fail(in)(在某方面)失??；(考試)不及格。例如：

His uncle failed in business again.他叔叔的生意又失敗了。

The little boy failed (in)this math test.那個小男孩這次數學考試沒及格。

2.fail to do sth.未能做成某事。例如：

I failed to catch the last bus yesterday.我昨天沒有趕上最后一班公共汽車。

【真題回放】

If you don't work hard,you will probably_______the exam.【雞西市中考題】

A.pass B.attend C.fail D.succeed

【答案與解析】C 考查動詞詞義辨析。pass通過；attend參加；fail不及格；succeed成功。根據條件狀語從句的意思“如果你不努力學習”可推知主句的意思是“你可能考試不及格”。

request

request作為動詞時,意為“要求；請求”,常見用法如下：

1.request sth.要求(請求)某事物。例如：

You have to request permission if you want to take any photos.如果你想拍照,需要申請準許。

2.request sb.to do sth.要求(請求)某人做某事。例如：

We requested him to leave here as soon as possible.我們要求他盡快離開這里。

3.request+that從句,從句中的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。例如：

I requested that he(should)come half an hour earlier.我請求他早半小時來。

【拓展】request也可作名詞,意為“要求;請求”。例如：

It is very important to know how to make requests politely.知道如何禮貌地提出請求很重要。

【真題回放】

Our English teacher requested us_______the text for half an hour every day.【連云港市中考題】

A.reading B.to read

C.read D.to reading

【答案與解析】B 考查request的用法。request sb.to do sth.意為“要求某人做某事”,動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

deal with

deal with意為“對付；應付”,強調處理的方式、方法,常與how連用。例如：

He has learned how to deal with all kinds of difficulties.他已經學會了如何應對各種困難。

【辨析】do with意為“處理；安置”,強調處理的對象,常與what連用。例如：

What did you do with those old newspapers？你是怎樣處理那些舊報紙的？

【真題回放】

It took me almost a whole day to_______so many emails.【南京市中考題】

A.deal with B.cut in

C.cheer for D.run out

【答案與解析】A 考查短語辨析。deal with處理；cut in干預；cheer for為……喝彩；run out耗盡。 根據語境推測句意是“處理這么多電子郵件花費了我幾乎一整天的時間”。故選A項。

pay attention to

pay attention to意為“注意；關注”,短語中的to是介詞,其后要接名詞、代詞或動名詞形式作賓語。例如：

Sorry,I didn't pay more attention to this problem.對不起,我沒有太在意這個問題。

【真題回放】

—What did Helen say just now？

—Sorry,I didn't_______what she said.【十堰市中考題】

A.get on with B.pay attention to

C.look forward to D.take part in

【答案與解析】B 考查動詞短語辨析。get on with與……相處；pay attention to注意；look forward to期待；take part in參加。題干上句詢問的是“海倫剛才說什么了”,根據答句中的“sorry”可推知其意思是“對不起,我沒有注意她說什么”。故選B項。

□嘗試練習

Ⅰ.單項選擇

1.Tom lost the ticket,so he failed_______the movie last night.

A.watching B.to watching

C.watch D.to watch

2.Teachers always warn the school kids_______with strangers on their way home.

A.to talk B.not talk

C.not to talk D.to not talk

3.—Mum,what does this word mean？

—Why don't you_______？ You have an English-Chinese dictionary,right？

A.look it up B.look up it

C.look them up D.look up them

Ⅱ.完成下列同義句或英語譯句,每空一詞

4.Totake a walk after dinner is necessary.

_______necessary______________a walk after dinner.

5.I don't know what to do with the matter.

I don't know_______to_______with the matter.

6.楊老師讓我注意拼寫。

Mr.Yang asked me to_____________________my spelling.

7.你練習得越多,進步就會越大。

______________you practice,______________progress you will make.

(答案見64頁)