阿納姆中央樞紐站，阿納姆，荷蘭

建筑設計：UNStudio

阿納姆站的建成與最初的圖紙相隔了19年。荷蘭鐵路基礎設施管理公司、荷蘭鐵路客運公司、荷蘭基礎設施與環境部、阿納姆市政府、UNStudio和Ballast Nedam-BAM聯合施工公司的通力合作造就了這個標志性的公共交通樞紐，使荷蘭成為國際舞臺上的焦點。

20世紀末，阿納姆市政府希望對站區進行更新。與此同時，在國家重大樞紐站改造重點項目的框架下（包括阿納姆），荷蘭基礎設施與環境部提出了滿足乘客數量增長、進而提升國內國際鐵路運輸水平的目標。這就為組織方的荷蘭鐵路基礎設施管理公司帶來了巨大的挑戰。

建筑師本·范貝克爾提出了一個未來主義式的方案，賦予這個公共交通樞紐以動人的頂篷、流動的造型、優美的木工和寬敞的乘客隧道。這座大型建筑每天可以接待11萬旅客，它有著躍動的線條和將一切融為一體的獨特元素——旋扭的正面。這個扭動的造型在打通空間的同時，不但可以形成人群聚集的場地，也能幫助人們尋找路徑。

由于施工在構造上會很復雜，所以項目被分為兩個階段。2011年，新的自行車庫和站臺的隧道建成。同時，荷蘭鐵路基礎設施管理公司的另一個項目——阿納姆鐵路，改變了阿納姆周圍的鐵道基礎設施，并修建了第4座站臺和新的站臺頂篷。2012年，Ballast Nedam–BAM聯合施工公司接過了阿納姆站項目中的重擔——公共交通樞紐的施工。

這座交通樞紐的頂部沒有用混凝土，而是用更輕、施工更快、質量更高的造船鋼。這就需要高級3D技術以及主創建筑師、聯合施工公司和分包商之間的創新協作。2015年11月19日，項目大獲成功，為阿納姆樹立了獨一無二的地標。

這座新的車站將森斯貝克公園和阿納姆的城市中心連接了起來，是通往全國的重要門戶。范貝克爾非同凡響的創意在這里成真了，而那不僅僅指設計。能一眼看到要去的方向給每位乘客和游客帶去期盼。自然的高差變化以及碩大的透明立面和天窗，讓這座公共交通樞紐一目了然。例如，主要的目的地：火車站、公交車站、停車場、自行車庫和出入口都很容易識別。經過多年的施工，阿納姆和它的居民如今可以享受一座已然舉世聞名的超現代車站了。□（尚晉 譯）

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 總平面/Site plan

3 入口夜景/Night view, entrance

4 圖解/Diagrams

5 交通模式關系網/Relation of traffic modalities

Arnhem Station has been completed 19 years after the initial drawings were made. The deep collaboration between ProRail, NS, the Ministry of Infrastructure & the Environment, the Municipality of Arnhem, UNStudio and the construction consortium Ballast Nedam-BAM has culminated in an iconic public transport hub putting the Netherlands in the international spotlight.

At the close of the preceding century, the Municipality of Arnhem wanted to renew the station area. At the same time the Ministry of Infrastructure & the Environment expressed the ambition to, in the framework of the national key projects modify important station hubs – including Arnhem –to keep pace with the number of travelers and, in turn, reinforcing national and international train transport. This presented a huge challenge to ProRail as the project organisation.

Architect Ben van Berkel came up with a futuristic plan: a public transport terminal with a sensational roof, fluid shapes, beautiful woodwork and a wide passenger tunnel. An edifice that can handle 110,000 travelers a day, with organic lines and a unique element where everything comes together: the front twist. A twisted shape that opens up the space and simultaneously constituting a meeting point and helping people find their way.

Because construction was going to be technically complex it was decided to tackle the project in two phases. In 2011, the new bicycle storage and platform tunnel were completed. At the same time, another Pro-Rail project – tracks in Arnhem modified the rail infrastructure around Arnhem. This included the construction of a 4th platform and new platform roofs. In 2012, the construction consortium Ballast Nedam – BAM had the guts to take on the keystone of the Arnhem station project, the construction of the public transport terminal.

Instead of concrete, the terminal's upper elements were built of shipbuilding steel which is lighter, faster to erect and of higher quality. This demanded advanced 3D techniques as well as innovative collaboration between the principal, the construction consortium and sub-contractors. The project was a success and on 19 November 2015, Arnhem gained a unique landmark.

The new station links Park Sonsbeek and Arnhem's city centre and acts as an important gateway to our country. Van Berkel's exceptional ideas came to life here, but it isn't just about design. Being able to see where you need to go at a glance is the promise given to every traveler and visitor. Natural differences in elevation and the use of sizeable transparent fa?ades and skylights make the public transport terminal easy to comprehend. For instance, the main destinations:the railway and bus stations, the car park, the bicycle storage and the entrances and exits are all very recognisable. After years of construction, Arnhem and its inhabitants can now reap the benefits of a hypermodern station that is already world famous.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: ProRail B.V.

委派主持建筑單位/Delegated Principal: ProRail

主持建筑單位/Principals: Ministry of Infrastructure & the Environment, the Municipality of Arnhem

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Ben van Berkel

總承建商/Main Contractor: Ballast Nedam – BAM

結構工程/Structural Engineers: 公共交通樞紐/public transport terminal: Arup Amsterdam; 汽車站，停車場，辦公廣場/bus station, car park, office square: Van der Werf& Lankhorst

公共交通站施工造價/Construction Costs of Public Transport Terminal: €375,000,000

建筑高度/Building Height: 地上約20m/approx. 20m above main street level; 地下約27m/approx. 27m above lowest fl oor level

層數/Number of Floors: 地下/Below Grade: 2; 地上/Above Grade: 4

建筑體積/Building Volume: ca. 90,000m3

基地面積/Site Area: ca. 11,250m2

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 21,750m2

攝影/Photos: Siebe Swart (Fig.1), Hufton Crow (Fig.3, 11-13, 16-19), Frank Hanswijk (Fig.6), Eva Bloem (Fig.15)

6 入口/Entrance

7 +20.4平面/Level 20.4 plan

8 +24.5平面/Level 24.5 plan

9 +36.0平面/Level 36.0 plan

10 +39.8平面/Level 39.8 plan

1-公共交通樞紐/Public transport terminal

2-站臺隧道/Platform tunnel

3-站臺與站臺屋頂/Platforms & platform roofs

4-自行車庫/Bicycle storage

5-地下車庫/Underground parking garage

6-汽車站（區域汽車）/Bus Terminal (regional busses)

7-汽車站（本地汽車）/Bus Square (local busses)

8-高層辦公廣場/Elevated office square

9-辦公塔樓（K2）/Office tower (K2)

10-水平寫字間（K4）/Horizontal offices (K4)

11-水平寫字間（K5）/Horizontal offices (K5)

12-辦公塔樓（K3，待開發）/Office tower (K3, future development)

11-13 入口大廳內景/Interior views, entrance hall

14 剖面/Section

1-公共交通樞紐/Public transport terminal

2-自行車庫/Bicycle storage

3-地下車庫/Underground parking garage

4-辦公塔樓（K2）/Office tower (K2)

5-水平寫字間（K5）/Horizontal offices (K5)

評論

王睦：這座新車站的焦點是中央換乘綜合體：車站屋頂與疏散天橋的屋頂被設計成一體，并且使用玻璃屋頂讓站臺及天橋內部光線十分充足；聚集了從商業到住宅、辦公、電影院等多種功能；6種交通方式在空間內部交織穿梭，形成三維穿梭的流線。整座建筑也因此需要拋棄傳統的結構體系，轉而采用異形墻體-板支撐模式。這對結構設計和施工都是不小的挑戰。馬英：“克萊因瓶”不可定向拓撲空間理論的建筑轉譯是該項目中最重要的部分——公共交通樞紐的核心創新之處，從室外地面升起的具有“賽弗特表面”特征的變化曲面構成了墻面與屋頂一體化的建筑形式，建筑師試圖詮釋一個沒有內外空間之分的公共交通樞紐中心，從而更加自然地容納與銜接火車站、公交車站、機動車停車場、自行車庫乃至辦公商業等多樣性的匯集流線，使得該樞紐綜合體更像是一個聚集與消隱不同方向人流的“城市黑洞”。這個未來主義式的方案在賦予人們充分想象與流動體驗的同時，又能夠給人以明確的方向指示。交通樞紐中心大廳中“扭曲”與“回扭”的鋼結構主體，在標識空間的同時，體現出“流線”與“力量”的轉化。

Comments

WANG Mu: The centre of this new station is the central transfer station complex: the roof of the station is designed as one piece together with the roof of evacuation fl yovers, and the use of glass roof make the platforms and fl yovers adequate of internal light; it gathers different functions from commerce to residence, office, cinema etc.; as many as six kinds of traffic modes are weaving in the space, forming 3D shuttle route. That's why the whole building needs to abandon the traditional structure system and adopt the special shaped wall-board supporting mode instead. This is a challenge to the structure design and

construction both. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

MA Ying: The central innovation of this public transport hub, which is the most essential part of the project, is the architectural translation of the"Klein Bottle" non-oriented topological spatial theory.The changing curve surface with "Seyfert surface"characteristics that rises from the outdoor ground form the wall and roof integrated construction form.The architect attempts to create a public transport hub centre without boundary between interior and exterior space, so as to more naturally accept and connect the diversified collecting flow lines composed of railway station, bus station, automobile parking area, bicycle garage, and offices and commerce, etc., making the complex more like a "city black hole" concentrating and hiding people flows from different directions.This futuristic scheme provides people abundant imagination and fl owing experiences, and at the same time shows clear direction instructions for people.The "twisted" and "retorted" steel structure main body in the middle of the transport hub centre highlights the space, when represents a transformation of the"stream line" and "power."

15-19 內景/Interior views