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邊界條件依賴譜參數的非連續Sturm—Liouville算子的譜問題

2018-05-14 12:19:42閆麗魏廣生
河北科技大學學報 2018年4期
關鍵詞:理論

閆麗 魏廣生

摘 要:為了豐富Sturm-Liouville(S-L)微分算子的譜理論,研究了閉區間[0,1]上邊界條件依賴譜參數的非連續S-L問題。首先利用該問題在直和空間上的等價刻畫,給出了非連續S-L問題特征值與連續S-L問題特征值間的交替關系,即在非連續S-L問題的特征值的每個開子區間內都恰有連續S-L問題的一個特征值,進而由連續S-L問題的振蕩理論推出非連續S-L問題的振蕩理論。然后通過Prüfer變換和Hergloz函數的轉換,建立了邊界條件依賴譜參數的非連續S-L問題與邊界條件為常值的非連續S-L問題的轉換,得出轉換后的特征值與轉換前(除去有限個)的特征值相等。最后通過構造邊界條件為常值的非連續S-L問題的特征函數求得其特征值的漸近式,從而得到了邊界條件依賴譜參數的非連續S-L問題的特征值的漸近表達式。新的研究方法可推廣到對間斷點條件依賴譜參數的S-L問題研究。

關鍵詞:算子代數;Sturm-Liouville微分算子;非連續條件;參數邊界條件

中圖分類號:O175.1 MSC(2010)主題分類:47A75 文獻標志碼:A

文章編號:1008-1542(2018)04-0321-10doi:10.7535/hbkd.2018yx04005

Abstract:In order to enrich the spectral theory of Sturm-Liouvillel (S-L) differential operators, the discontinuous S-L problem with boundary conditions dependent on spectral parameters on closed interval \[0,1\] is studied. Firstly, by using the equivalent characterization of the problem in the direct sum space, the alternating relation between the eigenvalues of the discontinuous S-L problem and the eigenvalues of the continuous S-L problem is given. That is, there is exactly one eigenvalue of the continuous S-L problem in every open subinterval of the eigenvalues of the discontinuous S-L problem, and then the oscillation theory of the discontinuous S-L problem is derived from the oscillation theory of the continuous S-L problem. Through the transformations of Prüfer and Hergloz function, the transformation between the discontinuous S-L problem with boundary conditions dependent spectral parameters and discontinuous S-L problem with constant boundary conditions is established. The obtained converted eigenvalues are equal to those (excluding the finite eigenvalues) before the conversion. Finally, the asymptotic expressions of eigenvalues of discontinuous S-L problems with boundary conditions dependent on spectral parameters are obtained by constructing the eigenfunctions of discontinuous S-L problems with constant boundary conditions. The new research method can be extended to the study of the S-L problem with boundary conditions dependent spectral parameters.

Keywords:operator algebras; Sturm-Liouville differential operator; discontinuity conditions; eigenparameter-dependent boundary condition

Sturm-Liouville(簡稱S-L)微分算子理論在研究許多數學物理問題中有重要的作用,其特征值問題長期以來受到物理學界和數學學界的關注。其中,非連續S-L問題基于許多物理背景和實際應用問題,例如:中間有結點的弦振動問題[1-4]、衍射問題[5-7]、質量轉移問題[8-10]以及薄的疊層板塊的熱傳導問題[11-13];再比如地球物理中,地殼底部橫波的反射[14-16]也會導致相應的S-L問題不連續,會產生一個跨越界面的條件,這個條件一般稱之為“界面條件”或“轉移條件”,即特征函數及其導數產生間斷點。

3 結 論

基于文獻\[1\]中的結論,針對非連續且邊界條件含譜參數的S-L問題(1)—問題(5)的特征值給出了精細估計, 首先利用Hergloz函數的轉換,建立了邊界條件含譜參數的S-L問題與常值邊界條件S-L問題的轉換。然后通過直和空間的等價刻畫, 證明了非連續S-L問題的特征值與連續S-L問題的特征值間的交替關系,并建立了該問題的振蕩理論。最后得到了特征值的漸近表達式。研究結果為該問題的逆問題提供了理論依據。

參考文獻/References:

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[8] HINTON D B. Eigenfunction expansions for a singular eigenvalue problem with eigenparameter in the boundary conditions[J]. SIAM J Math Anal, 1981, 12: 572-584.

[9] KOZHEVNIKOV A, YAKUBOV S. On operators generated by elliptic boundary problems with a spectral parameter in boundary conditions[J]. Integral Equations Operator Theory, 1995, 23: 205-231.

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[16]GESZTESY F, SIMON B. Inverse spectral analysis with partial information on the potential. II. The case of discrete sprctrum [J]. Trans Amer Math Soc, 2000, 35: 2765-2787.

[17]江衛華,郭彥平,王斌.二階微分方程組邊值問題2個正解的存在性[J].河北科技大學學報,2006,27(1):15-17.

JIANG Weihua, GUO Yanping, WANG Bin. Existence of two positive solutions to boundary value problems of second order systems[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2006,27(1):15-17.

[18]郭彥平,苗素榮,禹長龍.無窮區間上二階三點差分方程邊值問題正解的存在性[J].河北科技大學學報,2016,37(6):556-561.

GUO Yanping, MIAO Surong, YU Changlong. Existence of positive solutions to boundary value problem of second-order three-point difference equations on infinite intervals[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2016,37(6):556-561.

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[23] 傅守忠, 王忠, 魏廣生. Sturm-Liouville問題及其逆問題[M]. 北京: 科學出版社, 2015.

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