答完形填空題易出錯的五種情形

楊富章

熟詞生義掌握不全面

所謂“熟詞生義”，就是指有些詞盡管我們認識，但當它們出現在完形填空題或者閱讀理解題中時，我們如果根據其常見的含義來理解的話，會導致理解錯誤、文不對題、不知所云。這時，我們就要換個角度，根據這些詞的特殊含義進行理解。同學們平時要注意這些“熟詞生義”的練習和鞏固。

例1 He looked surprised， but got right to work， trying to find the____tire.

A. spare

B.free

C.full

D.empty

易錯分析：spare的熟義是“抽出時間”。

解析：在這篇文章中，spare意為“備用的”。答案為A。

例 2

Not too long ago， an incident that happened at Walt Disnev touchedme greatly.A guest told the front- desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation. but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet____

A.developed

B.taken

C.washed

D.loaded

易錯分析：develop的熟義是“發展”。

解析：film在此意為“膠片”，develop意為“沖印”。答案為A。

忽視語境關系

近幾年高考英語完形填空題的最大特點是重點考查語境理解。所謂語境，就是指文章上下文之間的聯系，它包括文章語氣的一致性、意思的連貫性、表述的合理性、論證的邏輯性等。因為完形填空題主要考查考生對語境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。同學們在做題時，一定要從整體上把握文章的內容，弄清文章的結構和文章的內在邏輯關系，結合語境辨析所給選項，從中選出最符合語境的選項。

例3

A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers， Inc. One mom-ing in 2009， Larry was____along 165 north after de-livering to one of his customers.

A. walking B.touring C.traveling D.rushing

易錯分析：有些同學容易忽視語境關系，從而盲目地選擇自認為正確的某個選項。

解析：根據Larry的工作性質和下文的delivering可知，他送完貨后應該是開著車沿著公路行駛。故用travel表示“（以某速度、朝某方向或在某距離內）行進”，而walk意為“步行”，rush意為“快速運輸，速送”，tour意為“觀光旅行”，在此均不符合語境。答案為C。

忽視背景關系

例4

It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness. Susan's husband Mark watched her sink into hopelessness and he was deter-mined to use every possible means to help his wife.