?賓語從句可以這樣簡化

北京 楊 嵐

■方法簡介

簡化賓語從句,是同學們平時練習句型轉換的一個非常重要的項目。現將賓語從句的簡化方法及應注意的問題做如下歸納,供大家參考。

一、改為“動詞不定式(短語)”形式

在hope,forget,promise,decide等動詞之后,由that引導的賓語從句可以用動詞不定式(短語)來簡化。例如：

1.The man decided thathe should stop smoking. →

The man decided to stop smoking. 這個男人決定戒煙。

2.Mr.Wang hoped that he could see you soon.→

Mr.Wang hoped to see you soon.王先生希望不久能見到你。

【特別提醒】

在某些動詞如seem之后的句子盡管可以用動詞不定式或者不定式短語來簡化,但句型要適當調整一下。例如：

It seemed that the boy won the match.→

The boy seemed to win the match.看上去這個男孩贏了這場比賽。

二、改為“連接代（副）詞 +動詞不定式(短語)”形式

在show,tell,know,teach,find out,learn等動詞之后,由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句可以簡化成連接代詞或連接副詞加動詞不定式（短語）。例如：

1.He taught us how we should write the composition.→

He taught us how to write the composition.他教我們如何寫這篇作文。

2.I don't know how I should answer this question.→

I don't know how to answer this question.我不知道該如何回答這個問題。

【特別提醒】

有些帶雙賓語的動詞,其后的賓語從句也可以用連接代（副）詞加動詞不定式（短語）來簡化。例如：

The dictionary didn't tell him how he should pronounce the word.→

The dictionary didn't tell him how to pronounce the word.這本詞典沒有告訴他怎樣讀這個詞。

三、改為“it+形容詞 +動詞不定式(短語)”形式

當賓語從句中的主語是it（it在從句中作形式主語）時,可用形式賓語的結構來簡化從句。例如：

1.I found that it was very important to learn English well.→

I found that it very important to learn English well.我發現學好英語很重要。

2. I feel it is difficult to see this man. →

I feel it difficult to see this man. 我感覺見到這個人是困難的。

四、改為“(介詞+)動名詞(短語)”形式

在某些動詞后的賓語從句,可以用動名詞(短語）來簡化。例如：

1.She insisted that she should stay at home.→

She insisted on staying at home.她堅持待在家里。

2.I remember that I have told her the truth. →

I remember telling her the truth. 我記得我把真相告訴了她。

五、改為“賓語+現在分詞(短語)”形式

在hear,watch,see,notice,find等動詞后的賓語從句,可以用現在分詞（短語）來簡化。例如：

1.We saw that a wallet was lying on the floor just now.→

We saw a wallet lying on the floor just now.剛才我們看見了地上有一個錢包。

2.Did you notice anyone was standing in front of the tree?→

Did you notice anyone standing in front of the tree?你注意到有人正站在那棵樹前面嗎？

六、改為過去分詞或過去分詞短語

某些賓語從句可以用適當的過去分詞（短語）來簡化。例如：

1.Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→

Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow.他們很快發現地面被厚厚的積雪覆蓋。

2.The teacher found that the boy was very interested in math.→

The teacher found the boy very interested in math.老師發現這個男孩對數學很感興趣。

七、改為“名詞（短語）”形式

某些由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句,可以用適當的“名詞（短語）”形式來代替賓語從句。例如：

1.I'll take back what I said. →

I'll take back my words. 我將收回我的話。

2.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? →

Could you tell us the way to the museum?你能告訴我們去博物館的路嗎？

總之,簡化賓語從句時,應視每個句子的具體情況而變,注意介詞的適當添加、連接代(副)詞的準確使用、非謂語動詞的詞形轉換,以及人稱、時態和邏輯的一致等。

■效果反饋

根據上句完成下句,使兩句的意思基本一致。每空一詞。

1.I forget I have closed the window this morning.

I forget______the window this morning.

2.Linda hopes she will be back very soon.

Linda hopes____________back very soon.

3.I think it is necessary for us to read a lot.

I think____________for us to read a lot.

4.I can't decide which one I should choose.

I can't decide which one____________.

5.I heard my name was called.

I heard my name______.

6.The poor boy doesn't know when he was born.

The poor boy doesn't know____________of his birth.

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