李進(jìn)才
場(chǎng)景同現(xiàn)
場(chǎng)景同現(xiàn)指圍繞某一話題場(chǎng)景出現(xiàn)具有共同傾向性的詞匯。語(yǔ)篇場(chǎng)景千變?nèi)f化,包羅萬象,考生在答題時(shí)一定要抓住語(yǔ)言場(chǎng)景,綜合考慮,排除干擾,才能得出正確答案。
例1 In 1973 ,I was teaching elementary school. Each day,27 kids 41“The Thinking Laboratory”.
41.A.built
B.entered
C.decorated
D.ran
解析:根據(jù)這兩句話提供的場(chǎng)景(教學(xué)場(chǎng)景)可知,作者1973年正在教小學(xué),每天學(xué)生們都要走進(jìn)“思維實(shí)驗(yàn)室”。選項(xiàng)A和C與學(xué)生的身份不符合,選項(xiàng)D在與賓語(yǔ)的搭配上講不通,即使在其后加上into,也不符合常識(shí),故選B項(xiàng)。
例2 Years ago,a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were,36.Kurt asked me...
36.A.working
B.preparing
C.thinking
D.eating
解析:根據(jù)前文(I met Kurt Kampmeir of SuccessMotivation Incorporation for breakfast)提供的就餐場(chǎng)景可知,36空應(yīng)為就餐或吃飯,故選D項(xiàng)。
例3
The only hope was Balto,Kaasen's lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground,__ 52 to find the smell of'other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed.it would mean disaster for Nome.
52.A.pretending
B.trying
C.asking
D.learning
解析:根據(jù)本句提供的雪橇犬尋路的場(chǎng)景可知,Balto應(yīng)該是試圖嗅出其他狗的氣味,故選B項(xiàng)。
例4 Just before September,Miller was struck bya car and lost his right arm.1 went to see him after hecame back from _24
24.A.school
B.vacation
C.hospital
D.training
解析:根據(jù)前后句提供的場(chǎng)景(隊(duì)友出車禍后看望)可知,“我”在他出院后去看望他,故選C項(xiàng)。
修飾同現(xiàn)
修飾同現(xiàn)指某些存在固定修飾關(guān)系的單詞和短語(yǔ)共同出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇當(dāng)中。如在短語(yǔ)a populationof和anumber of中,修飾population和number,要用large或small,而不能用many或few。答題時(shí),考生可根據(jù)中心詞與修飾語(yǔ)之間這種常見的固定關(guān)系和具體語(yǔ)境來選擇正確的答案。
例5 When I was 50,my weight problem began toaffect me 19 I didn't want to live the rest of my life withthis extra weight any more.
19.A.temporarily
B.recently
C. seriously
D.secretly
解析:affect通常與修飾語(yǔ)seriously,greatly和deeply連用,且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)意(我的肥胖問題嚴(yán)重地影響了我的健康),可知選C項(xiàng)。
例 6
Stepping out not only helped a brother in__59,it also gave my kids the sweet taste of'helping oth-ers. It'll go a long way with them.
59.A.fear
B.love
C.need
D.memory
解析:help sb.in need是一個(gè)常見的表達(dá),介詞短語(yǔ)in need作后置定語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)help sb.中的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上下文和本句語(yǔ)意“走出去不僅僅幫助了在危難中的兄弟,也讓孩子們嘗到了幫助別人的甜頭”,可知選C項(xiàng)。
例7 4l
January 26,Billy and three other chil-dren had died.
41.A.From
B.On
C.By
D.After
解析:從題干來看,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過去完成時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的介詞只能用by。因?yàn)樵谒膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有“by+過去時(shí)間”才能修飾過去完成時(shí),所以選C項(xiàng)。
結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)
結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)指固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)或成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)共同出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中。答題時(shí),考生可根據(jù)固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的某一部分來推知其整體。
??嫉墓潭ň湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)有:
(l)it is+過去分詞+that…
(2)it is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…
(3) so/such...that...如此……以致……
(4)hardly/scarcely...when...一……就……
(5) was /were about to do…when…正要做某事,突然……
(6)was/were doing...when...正在做某事,突然……
(7 )It strikes/occurs to/hits sb. that...某人突然想到……
(8)祈使句+and+陳述句如果……,就會(huì)……
??嫉某蓪?duì)出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)有:
(1) some...,others...( still others)有些人……有些人……(還有一些人)
(2)on one hand...,on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
(3) the former...,the latter...前者……后者……
(4) not only...but also... /not just...but...不但……而且……
例8 It 37 me that playing against the otherteam was a great learning moment for all the girls on theteam.I think it is a general principle. Experience is thebest teacher.
37.A.confused
B.struck
C.reminded
D.warned
解析:考查“It strikes sb. that...”固定句型,故選B項(xiàng)。
例9 The most valuable lesson I gained fromstudying in France wasn't just to respect the Frenchpeople____ 39 to respect all people,for your next bestfriend could be just a continent away.
39.A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
解析:考查“not just...but...”結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句意“不但要尊重法國(guó)人,而且要尊重所有的人”可知,應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。
例10 Well,relax and laughabout your mistakes 52 you're muchless likely to make them again.
52.A.if
B.and
C.but
D_before
解析:本題考查“祈使句+and+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“如果你放松心態(tài),自嘲自己的錯(cuò)誤,你再次犯錯(cuò)的可能性就會(huì)大大降低”。故選B項(xiàng)。
值得一提的是,結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)和修飾同現(xiàn)往往是一些相對(duì)固定的表達(dá)方式,在完形填空題中所占的比例相對(duì)較小。盡管如此,考生也不可忽略。
black意為“黑色”或“黑暗的”。black out意為“熄滅燈火…‘停電…“昏厥”,也引申為“扣發(fā)”(文章)和“封鎖”(新聞)。
go black則是說人昏倒之時(shí),眼前一片漆黑。
日常生活中,黑色是不受歡迎的色彩,通常與“陰郁不快”“倒霉”“不吉利”等概念聯(lián)系在一起。
a black spot則指經(jīng)常發(fā)生惡性交通事故的路口或路段。路標(biāo)上常用醒目的黑體字寫上Accidentblack spot,以提醒開車者小心開車。
black還含有“毀壞”或“玷污”的意思。paint sb.black就是蓄意把某人說得一無是處,說某人壞。
black sheep指的是損壞家庭聲譽(yù)的敗家子,或者是玷污團(tuán)體榮譽(yù)的害群之馬。