長城觀山臺，北京，中國

建筑設(shè)計：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造

長城觀山臺住宅位于北京郊區(qū)長城腳下，是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造在28.4m2建筑占地面積內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一次對住宅自身空間可能性及居住與景觀關(guān)系的探索。

建筑坐落于毗鄰長城的坡地上，以步道與外界相連。順勢曲折的步道延續(xù)著建筑前方谷地的縱深感，并以其自身穿插于樹林中的幾何態(tài)暗示著拾級而上之后必將迎來的敘事高潮；而步道的結(jié)束也正是建筑功能的開始——由現(xiàn)澆混凝土構(gòu)筑的觀山臺住宅在中部的豎向體量上以3個不同方向的懸挑體量向周圍環(huán)境延展，與地塊所處的山林景觀形成一種平衡。同時，3個懸挑體量為其承載的室內(nèi)功能及屋頂室外空間提供了不同的朝向和視角。

建筑室內(nèi)中部的混凝土旋梯發(fā)揮著中樞交通作用，并局部配以室外樓梯，形成整體流線系統(tǒng)，通達(dá)起居室、廚房餐廳、4個臥室及4處屋頂花園。通過在現(xiàn)澆體量中嵌入排布室內(nèi)功能所需的各項設(shè)備，建筑可以在滿足所有當(dāng)代居住需求的同時，摒棄額外掩飾，最終呈現(xiàn)一種更為緊湊、明晰、真誠的室內(nèi)氛圍。此外，觀山臺4處屋頂花園均植樹一棵，自然凋榮，與所處山林互為呼應(yīng)。□

The Great Wall Watch House is located in close proximity to Jinshanling Great Wall, one of most significant historical site in Beijing. It holds a unique place through a wide range of tales connected to the mountains. The site offers a spectacular view of the landscape and the Great Wall. The Watch House is a sculptural, cast-in concrete with Chinese ink that sits on the slope of the hill with a focus on the surrounding nature and the Great Wall. The centre core stands out from landscape and holds three cantilever arms with all spaces in the building to frame breathtaking views.

Moreover, the Watch House is also a social building for visitors and family. Its layout gives priority to the common areas. A spacious indoors living room and kitchen at the bottom, a central dynamic and geometrical staircase lead people to the upper floors of the building. The house further accommodates 4 bedrooms including 1 kid bedroom, sanitary facilities as well as generous rooftop courtyards with trees for shading purpose and overall to provide recreation and positive experiences.

The circulation is organised through all the house to allow users to experience space and view from different perspectives. At the same times, the house seems to be an abstract object silently blend into nature and landscape.□

1 草圖/Sketch

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

3-5 剖面/Sections

6-8 內(nèi)景/Interior images

9 總平面/Site plan

10-11 平面/Plans

12-14 立面/Elevations

15 內(nèi)景/Interior image

評論

李曉東：長城觀山臺是一座充滿張軻個人特質(zhì)的建筑，設(shè)計語言的用墨極為克制，幾近吝惜，但又以一種簡單抽象的狀態(tài)很好地融入進(jìn)自然山景之中，創(chuàng)造出豐富的空間層次。

克制是在自然山野環(huán)境中創(chuàng)作的一種基本態(tài)度，一次澆筑而成的觀山臺，如同一塊灰色的礫石嵌入長城腳下的山谷中。為求得工業(yè)化人造物與荒野景觀的契合，擯棄了常見的、匠氣過重的清水混凝土，用木模板澆筑的建筑本身就被賦予了自然物的粗糲氣質(zhì)，配合室內(nèi)同等紋理的木質(zhì)點(diǎn)綴，由內(nèi)而外，材質(zhì)感受從細(xì)膩溫暖到粗糙狂放，漸次自然，克制的材料選擇營造出流暢的空間體驗，與觀景臺所處環(huán)境氣場很好地融為一體。

Comment

LI Xiaodong:The Great Wall Watch House is a building filled with ZHANG Ke's personal characteristics: the use of design language is extremely restrained and almost stingy, but it is well integrated into the natural mountainous landscape in a simple and abstract state,creating rich spatial layers.

Restraint is a basic attitude of creation in the environment of natural mountains and wilderness.The monolithic poured Watch House is like a piece of gray gravel embedded in the valley at the foot of the Great Wall. In order to reach the coordination between industrial man-made objects and wilderness landscape,the common and trite fair-faced concrete was abandoned. The building itself poured with wooden mold is endowed with the coarse characteristics of natural objects, accompanied by the wooden embellishment indoor of the same texture. From the inside to the outside, the sensation of material turned from delicate and warm to rough and wild, gradually becoming more natural. The restrained choice of materials creates a smooth spatial experience, and is well integrated with the environmental atmosphere surrounding the Watch House.

極少的筆墨勾勒下，張軻用一部簡單的幾何式樓梯完成了空間豐富度的升華：攀爬的過程依次經(jīng)過面向山谷的挑臺、勾勒山頂殘長城的框景小院、最后到樹蔭下遍覽群巒的屋頂平臺……通過旋梯整合內(nèi)部公共空間的同時，將遠(yuǎn)近之景紛紛借入彀中，在簡單抽象的建筑中創(chuàng)造不同的觀山體驗。內(nèi)部樓梯沿用了外部木模板粗糙材料，簡單一體的材料使用模糊了內(nèi)與外的區(qū)隔，使觀山臺本體與殘城荒谷的自然環(huán)境在觀者的體驗中實現(xiàn)了進(jìn)一步的融合。

克制的操作沒有抹煞環(huán)境體驗的豐富度，豐富的空間體驗也未稀釋原有概念的抽象美，簡單與復(fù)雜的美學(xué)思考在長城觀山臺上結(jié)合得恰到好處。

With extremely little interference, ZHANG Ke used a simple geometric staircase to complete spatial richness: during the process of climbing, you will successively pass the platform facing the valley, the courtyard framing the broken Great Wall atop of the mountain, and finally the roof terrace in the shade of the trees that looks over the mountain While the interior public spaces are integrated through the spiral staircase, the sceneries far and near are borrowed in to create different mountainous viewing experiences in the simple and abstract building. The wooden molded rough material used in the exterior is extended to the interior staircase. The simple and integral use of material blurs the division between the interior and exterior, enabling the Watch House to further integrate with the natural environment of the broken walls and desolate valley in the viewer's experience.

The restrained treatment did not obliterate the richness of environmental experience, nor did the rich spatial experience dilute the abstract beauty of the original concept. Simple and complex aesthetic thinking is perfectly integrated in the Great Wall Watch House. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)