廖華俊 江芹 閆沖沖 楊月英 高正良
摘 要: ‘皖馬鈴薯2號是以‘Hirta為母本、‘Gelda為父本選育的早熟、優質馬鈴薯新品種。該品種生育期65 d左右。塊莖橢圓形,黃皮黃肉,芽眼淺。單株結薯數3~5個,單株塊莖質量700 g左右,平均667 m2產量2 100~2 800 kg,商品薯率達93%以上。干物質含量(ω,后同)19.53%,淀粉含量14.15%,粗蛋白含量2.32%,還原糖含量0.16%,維生素C含量197.5 mg·kg-1。田間表現中抗馬鈴薯晚疫病,抗馬鈴薯卷葉病毒病和花葉病毒病。適應性強,適宜安徽等二季作區春、秋2季種植。2016年通過安徽省園藝學會園藝作物品種認定委員會認定。
關鍵詞: 馬鈴薯; 新品種; ‘皖馬鈴薯2號; 早熟
Abstract: ‘Wan Malingshu No. 2 is a new early maturing and high quality potato cultivar which is developed by crossing ‘Hirta as female parent and ‘Gelda as male parent. Its growth duration is about 65 d. The tuber is oval shaped, with smooth and yellow skin, yellow flesh and shallow eyes. The average tuber number per plant is 3-5, the tuber weight of per plant is about 700 g, the average yield per 667 m2 is 2 100-2 800 kg, and the commodity potato rate is over 93%. The average content of dry matter, starch, crude protein, reducing sugar and vitamin C is 19.53%, 14.15%, 2.32%, 0.16% and 197.50 mg·kg-1, respectively. This variety is resistant to potato late blight, potato leaf roll virus disease and mosaic virus disease in the field. The variety has strong adaptability and is suitable for the spring and autumn planting in the two cropping zone (such as Anhui province).
Key words: Potato; New variety; ‘Wan Malingshu No. 2; Early maturing
1 育種目標
馬鈴薯(Solanum Tuberosum L.)是主要糧食作物之一,在世界上排名第4,而中國馬鈴薯的種植面積和總產量均位于世界前列,且在我國糧食體系中占據著重要的位置[1-3]。自20世紀以來,中國馬鈴薯育種專家先后選育出了一系列馬鈴薯品種并大面積推廣生產,但大多數適用于北方一作區[4]。安徽馬鈴薯產業發展的歷史較久,且近年來隨著農業產業結構調整以及馬鈴薯機械化生產技術的推廣,安徽馬鈴薯產業發展呈現逐年加速發展的態勢,2017年安徽馬鈴薯種植面積達到7.67 萬hm2。安徽作為馬鈴薯中原二季作區的典型區域,可以春、秋2季種植,春季露地地膜覆蓋栽培的馬鈴薯商品薯在5月上旬開始陸續收獲上市,批發價格較高,經濟效益高于目前國內馬鈴薯主產區。另一方面,目前國內馬鈴薯種植面積534萬hm2左右,預計到2020年將擴大到1 000萬hm2,而這增加的面積將會主要來自于南方地區水稻冬閑田的利用,而安徽省每年有至少8.4萬 hm2的冬閑稻田[5]。……