從“獲得感”說起

文/王逢鑫

近年來，中國人民越來越體會到不斷增強的獲得感（sense of gain）。人們對“獲得感”這個新鮮的詞組有了實實在在的感覺。漢語存在大量的“抽象名詞 + 感”結構的詞組。英語中也有 sense of +抽象名詞 的對應詞組。這里的sense不是指視覺（sense of sight）、聽覺 （sense of hearing）、嗅覺 （sense of smell）、味覺（sense of taste）和觸覺（sense of touch）等五種感覺官能，而是指“對某種重要的抽象事物的感覺、感想、情感或意識”（a feeling about sth important）。有些sense是與正面意義或褒義的抽象名詞相連的。例如：

1. 經濟改革取得的巨大成就已大大增強了中國人民的獲得感。

The great achievements made in the economic reforms have dramatically boosted the Chinese people’s sense of gain.

2. 中國人民因經濟繁榮和生活幸福而充滿成就感。

The Chinese people are filled with the sense of fulfillment for their prosperous economy and happy life.

3. 作為這個貧困縣的縣委書記，他具有豐富的經驗和強烈的責任感,正帶領著當地百姓與貧困作斗爭。

As the Party Secretary of the poverty-stricken county, he has rich experience and a keen sense of responsibility, and is leading the local people in the battle against poverty.

4. 懷著強烈的使命感,他作為一名志愿者到一個偏遠山村，在一所小學教了10年留守兒童。

With a strong sense of mission, he went to a remote mountainous village as a volunteer and taught the left-behind children at a primary school for ten years.

5. 當這對中年夫婦聽說他們的雙胞胎兒子被他們曾就讀的著名大學雙雙錄取時,他們表現出強烈的自豪感。

When the middle-aged couple heard that their twin sons had been both admitted to the famous university where they had studied, they demonstrated a strong sense of pride.

6. 當這些棚戶區居民與他們久居的貧民窟告別，遷往人民政府為他們新建的樓房時,他們顯現出幸福感。

When these shanty dwellers said good-bye to the slum where they had lived for a long time, and moved into new buildings put up for them by the People’s Government, they exhibited a sense of happiness.

7. 這位在中國生活和工作了20年的外國專家對一名記者說：“我在這里有安全感，比方說，我能半夜獨自在一條偏僻的街道上行走，而毫不恐懼。”

The foreign expert, who has lived and worked in China for twenty years,said to a news reporter, “I have a sense of security here, for instance, I can walk alone in an out-of-the-way street at midnight without any fear.”

8. 這位老人是一個快樂、健康并具有強烈幽默感的人，幽默感對他的身心健康都有好處。

The old man is a happy and healthy person with a keen sense of humour,which is beneficial to both his mental and physical health.

有些 sense 是與中性意義的抽象名詞相連的。例如：

9. 由于他沒有很好的方向感, 他總是在城里迷路。

As he hasn’t got a very good sense of direction, he is always getting lost in town.

10. 一名優秀體操運動員需要有力量、耐力、靈活度、協調性、彈跳力、速度、平衡能力、節奏感和良好的姿態。

A good gymnast requires strength, stamina, flexibility, coordination, spring,speed, balance, a sense of rhythm, and good posture.

11. 一個有挑戰性的目標能產生緊迫感，它激發我們更加努力工作，以達成目標。

A challenging goal can create a sense of urgency that inspires us to work harder to achieve this goal.

12. 當他站在輪船甲板上眺望遼闊的大海時,他悄然感到一種神秘感。

When he stood on the deck of the ship and looked out on the wide sea, a sense of mystery stole over him.

有些 sense 是與負面意義或貶義的抽象名詞相連的。例如：

13. 只有像這名貪官一樣沒有羞恥感而且從不覺得內疚的人，才會做出這樣可恥的事。

Only a person like the corrupt official who has no sense of shame and never feels guilty can do such a shameful thing.

14. 由于這名貪官極其自負,他對自己所犯的罪行沒有絲毫的內疚感。

As the corrupt official was extremely self-conceited, he didn’t have any sense of guilt about the mistakes he had made.

15. 當狄克發現錄取名單上沒有他的名字時，他意識到自己沒有通過入學考試，因而產生了強烈的失落感。

When Dick found his name was not on the list of enrolled students, he realized that he had failed in the entrance examination and got an overwhelming sense of loss.

16. 唯恐產生滿足感,這個學生總是敦促自己在學習中保持謙虛和勤勉。

For fear of inviting a sense of complacency, the student always urges himself to remain modest and diligent in his studies. □