羨慕嫉妒恨

文/王逢鑫

漢語“羨慕嫉妒恨”是近年來興起的由三個(gè)情感詞組合而成的短語，其核心詞是“嫉妒”，疊加正面的“羨慕”和負(fù)面的“恨”，表示看到別人擁有自己想要卻未能得到的事物（如金錢、名譽(yù)、地位、成就、男女關(guān)系等）時(shí)的復(fù)雜感情，是多種情感的交織和發(fā)泄，五味雜陳。英語沒有這樣的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。從“羨慕”到“嫉妒”，再到“恨”，英語依次分為四個(gè)層面：admiration（羨慕）、envy（嫉羨）、jealousy（嫉妒）和hate（嫉恨）。例如：

1. Admiration is a feeling of respect and liking for someone or something.“羨慕”是對(duì)某人或某事的尊重和喜歡。

2. Envy is a feeling of wanting to be in the same situation as someone else,or the feeling of wanting something that someone else has. “嫉羨”是想要與他人處于同樣境地，或希望得到他人擁有的某樣?xùn)|西。

3. Jealousy is an angry or unhappy feeling caused by the failure to get something that one wishes to have but someone else has; or an angry or unhappy feeling caused by the fact that someone you like or love is showing interest in someone else. “嫉妒”是未能得到自己想要的東西而他人卻能得到時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的憤怒或不快；或者你喜歡或愛慕的人對(duì)他人感興趣而使你產(chǎn)生的憤怒或不快。

4. Hate is a very strong feeling of dislike for someone or something due to jealousy. “嫉恨”是由于嫉妒而對(duì)某人或某事產(chǎn)生的極度厭惡。

“羨慕”，英語名詞譯為admiration，動(dòng)詞譯為to admire、to have admiration for。例如：

5. 過去五年，中國人民在各個(gè)方面取得了令人羨慕的成就。In the past five years, the Chinese people have scored achievements which arouse admiration.

6. 周圍人都羨慕他的好運(yùn)氣，因?yàn)樗I彩票中了大獎(jiǎng)。The people around him all admire at his good fortune, for he has got a prize by playing the lottery.

7. 她的聰明才智使她看上去比任何時(shí)候都美麗，她的朋友都非常羨慕她。As her intelligence and wisdom helped her look more beautiful than ever, all of her friends had a great admiration for her.

“嫉羨”，英語名詞譯為envy，動(dòng)詞譯為to envy，形容詞譯為envious。例如：

8. 他無法掩飾對(duì)那個(gè)富家子弟的嫉羨，因?yàn)楹笳咚坪跸胍裁淳陀惺裁?。He couldn’t conceal his envy of the young man from a rich family, for the latter seemed to have everything he could possibly want.

9. 我嫉羨那些早早就知道自己將來怎樣、要做什么的人。I envy those who from their early days know what they’ll be and what they’ll do.

10. 他的同事們都嫉羨他在工作中取得的成功。His colleagues are all envious of the success he has achieved in his work.

“嫉妒”，英語名詞譯為jealousy，動(dòng)詞譯為be jealous，形容詞譯為jealous。例如：

11. 如果走上嫉妒這條路，我們肯定會(huì)失去自尊。If we follow this path of jealousy, we will definitely lose our sense of self-respect.

12. 他不僅嫉妒他有錢兄長(zhǎng)的財(cái)富，而且嫉妒兄長(zhǎng)本人。He was not only jealous of his rich brother’s wealth，but also jealous of his rich brother.

13. 他被嫉妒他的對(duì)手算計(jì)而被迫離職。He was hounded out of his job by his jealous rivals.

漢語和英語都可以用色彩詞表示“嫉妒”。漢語用“紅”，像“眼紅”“得紅眼病”。英語卻用 green（綠），像 green-eyed monster、to be/become green-eyed with jealousy、to be green with jealousy。例如：

14. 他看見鄰居富了，就眼紅。He became green-eyed when he saw his neighbour get richer.

15. 他對(duì)朋友的成功感到眼紅。He is green-eyed for his friend’s success.

16. 他看見別人生活比自己好就犯紅眼病。He is green with jealousy at seeing others become better off than him.

漢語可以用“吃醋”比喻男女關(guān)系意義上的“嫉妒”。例如：

17. 他愛吃醋，不許妻子跟任何陌生男人說話。He is so jealous that he doesn’t allow his wife to talk with any unfamiliar man.

“嫉恨”，英語名詞譯為hate，動(dòng)詞譯為to hate。例如：

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18. “嫉恨”是針對(duì)某人的一種強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面情感，是由于嫉妒或某些其他因素而產(chǎn)生的。Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone, which is due to jealousy or some other factors.

19. 她嫉恨室友搶走了她的男友。She hates one of her roommates who has stolen her boyfriend from her.

如何翻譯“羨慕嫉妒恨”，是個(gè)值得探討的問題。英語沒有一個(gè)單獨(dú)的對(duì)應(yīng)詞來表達(dá)這種復(fù)雜的情感。如果直譯為“to admire, envy and even hate”，聽上去有些啰嗦。不妨取其核心詞“嫉羨”，簡(jiǎn)單譯為 to envy。例如：

他羨慕嫉妒恨那些英語講得比他好的人。1）He admires, envies and even hates those who speak English better than he does. 2）He envies those who speak English better than he does. □