摘 要: 為研究不同濃度赤霉素克服辣椒種間雜交障礙的效果,選用體積分?jǐn)?shù)為0.01%~0.06%的赤霉素,用清水作對照,以‘ZY-21(Capsicum annuum)為母本、‘小米辣(Capsicum frutescens)為父本,人工蕾期去雄授粉雜交后,用不同濃度赤霉素溶液涂抹花柱,觀察、測定不同濃度赤霉素對辣椒種間雜交種及種間雜交種萌發(fā)的影響。結(jié)果表明,使用0.04%的赤霉素處理‘ZY-21ב小米辣效果較好;坐果率為6.8%,單果結(jié)籽多,種子飽滿,發(fā)芽勢為12.5%,發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽指數(shù)、活力指數(shù)均最高。試驗表明,在辣椒種間雜交中使用適當(dāng)濃度的赤霉素處理,操作簡單、便捷;能促進(jìn)坐果及種子生長發(fā)育,克服辣椒種間雜交障礙。
關(guān)鍵詞: 辣椒; 赤霉素; 種間雜交; 障礙
Abstract:Seven concentrations of gibberellin (0.01%-0.06%, water as control) were set to investigate the effect on interspecific hybridisation disorders in capsicum in this research. Female parent was ‘ZY-21 (Capsicum annuum), and male parent was Xiaomila (C. frutescens). The styles were daubed by gibberellin with different concentration after emasculated pollination. The results showed that 0.04% concentration was the best one, with highest fruit-set rate (6.8%), seeds per fruit, germinating potential (12.5%), germination percentage, germination index and vitality index. Suitable concentration of gibberellin could be used in interspecific hybridization of capsicum to overcome the barrier of interspecific hybrids in capsicum. Besides, gibberellin could promote the development of seed and increase fruit-set rate.
Key words:Capsicum; Gibberellin; Interspecific hybrids; Obstacle
辣椒是一種遺傳和表型多樣性豐富的蔬菜作物,辣椒屬(Capsicum spp.)包含5 個栽培種 (C. annuum、C. chinense、C. baccatum、C. frutescens和 C. pubescens),C. annuum是世界上類型最多、栽培最廣泛的種,辣椒育種主要在一年生辣椒C. annuum這個栽培種上展開,但由于長期較高的人工選擇壓力,C. annuum遺傳基礎(chǔ)已漸趨狹窄。C. frutescens等有許多優(yōu)異性狀,是改良C. annuum的重要資源[1-3]。種間雜交是實現(xiàn)有益基因轉(zhuǎn)移的有效途徑,但辣椒屬種間遠(yuǎn)緣雜交存在雜交障礙,雜種F1經(jīng)常很難獲得;目前,辣椒種間雜交經(jīng)常采用橋梁親本、嫁接、離體受精等方法克服雜交障礙,獲得較為豐富的雜種;但這些方法普遍存在操作復(fù)雜、周期長等缺點,如掌握操作簡單便捷見效快的方法,將有效加快應(yīng)用C. frutescens等拓展C. annuum的遺傳基礎(chǔ)[4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),適當(dāng)濃度赤霉能促進(jìn)茄果類蔬菜開花結(jié)果,刺激胚發(fā)育成健全飽滿的種子[5]。而目前赤霉素對辣椒的研究,主要集中在促進(jìn)辣椒種子萌發(fā)方面[6];……