【摘要】閱讀與寫作是高中英語教學過程中的兩個重要組成部分,兩者呈現相輔相成的關系,具體表現為大量的閱讀能為寫作積累素材,提升寫作水平;寫作活動的進行又能為讀者提供些許閱讀技巧方面的幫助,優化閱讀效果。
【關鍵詞】寫作;“以讀促寫”;教學策略
【作者簡介】龐冉,廣東省珠海市第一中學附屬實驗學校。A
以高中英語寫作教學為核心,分析高中英語寫作教學中存在的問題,提出以讀促寫教學策略,完善教學結構,提高高中英語寫作教學質量。以下,我僅立足于自身的教學實踐,從“以讀促寫”這一角度出發,試圍繞其在高中英語寫作教學中的具體應用展開初步的分析與探討。
一、借助問題概括文本內容主旨
在大多數高中學生看來,英語寫作是一件比較麻煩且難度較大的事,也正因為如此,他們對寫作始終抱有較強的抵觸情緒,寫作過程中常常是磕磕絆絆,多拼西湊,最終寫出來的文章質量自然也是差強人意,不容樂觀。針對這一情況,我認為我們高中英語教師首當其沖要做的便是激發學生的寫作熱情,如此他們才能自覺其積極主動地融入到相關的文本創作之中。要求學生進行簡短的文本閱讀,向其設置一些與文本內容相關的問題并要求他們以此為基礎進行創作相信能顯著改善上述尷尬現狀。
我自身的教學實踐就可以充分證明這一點。如,在教學A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP時,我便要求學生快速進行閱讀,并在其閱讀結束之后提出了如下幾個問題:What things are strange before the earthquake? What time did the earthquake happen? Where did the earthquake begin? How long did the earthquake last? What happend after the earthquake?由于已經閱讀了文本,學生很快便對上述問題進行了回答:“the water in the village wells rose and fel; the well walls had deep cracks in them; a smelly gas came out of the cracks…”“at about 3:42 am”“11 kilometers directly below the city”“15 seconds”“people have launched active rescue”隨后我便要求學生以這些回答為線索,嘗試梳理原文,并用最簡潔的文字概括下來。以下,即為班上某一學生閱讀后的微型寫作內容:The water in the village wells rose and felt, the well walls had deep cracks in them, a smelly gas came out of the cracks…all of those strange things indicated that something unusual will happen. At about 3:42 am ,the earthquake had begun, which is 11 kilometers directly below the city and last 15 seconds. Nearly everything was destroyed by the earthquake , but people have launched active rescue.
二、模仿閱讀文本進行新篇創作
我在教學實踐中發現相當一部分學生在寫作中缺乏一定的謀篇布局能力,寫作手法與技巧的運用也非常生疏,這便在很大程度上導致其文章質量始終難以獲得有效提升。但教師若是死板向學生講述說明文、記敘文等文體的文本結構構造以及具體表達手法的使用,就略顯枯燥乏味,并不利于學生實現理解、記憶與掌握,自然便難以獲取預期中的理想教育效果。
但模仿文本結構或者參照其寫作方式進行新篇創作卻是有效扭轉上述不利現狀的重要舉措之一。對此,我感受頗為深刻。例如,在教學Festivals and celebrations時,我便著重帶領學生分析了這一文本的主要寫作框架:該說明文屬于總-分-總的框架,其中第一段為對全文總的鋪墊,以引出下文;第二、三、四、五段為分,分別從四個方面介紹了不同國家與地區的獨特節日及慶祝文化;第六段為對全文的一個簡單總結。
在一一梳理了這一文本結構之后,我便要求學生以“Four seasons of the year”為題嘗試寫一篇小說明文。由于珠玉在前,學生很快便確定了寫作思路:第一段總的寫一下一年中的四個季節,第二、三、四、五段分別從春、夏、秋、冬四個方面寫,第六段再對整篇作文進行簡短的概括性總結。在做出上述分析之后,班上某位學生最終的作文如下:
There are four seasons in a year and three months in each season. The climate in each season is different. The cycle of life is controlled by four seasons.
The first quarter is spring. The three months of the spring are March, April and May. During this time, everything comes back to life.
The second quarter is summer, including June, July and August. It is so hot that people can swim in the river all the day. Summer is also a good time for all things to grow.
The third quarter is autumn, and the three months are September, October and November. The weather is getting cooler and cooler, and the leaves fall from the trees. This is a harvest season.
The last quarter is the winter. This season includes December, January and February. It is very cold in winter, and sometimes it snows, people can skate and ski. But the winter will not be too long because Spring is coming soon.
In a word, I like all seasons because they are beautiful.
認真分析上述學生的作文,我們可以看出他們很好地掌握了說明文的基本寫作格式以及具體的表達手法,而這些顯然都建立在對Festivals and celebrations這一說明文框架細致分析及研讀的基礎之上。這也有力論證了以讀促寫之于提升學生文本寫作能力的優勢及作用。
總而言之,以讀促寫是高中英語寫作教學的一個有效渠道,對此,我們教師應當結合教學內容多多挖掘閱讀與寫作兩者結合的切入點,如此,才能在推動學生閱讀水平與寫作能力均衡進步的基礎上,實現全方面的進步與發展。