代 詞

◎供稿：Jenny

一、人稱代詞

人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我”“你”“他”“我們”“你們”“他們”。請看下表：

1. 主格在句中作主語。

例如：She is my English teacher.

2. 賓格在句中作賓語。

例如：They don’t want me to go there alone.

Don’t worry. I can look after her.

注意

1.it作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。

例如：It is about 10 kilometres from here.

2.it還可用作形式主語或形式賓語，來代替由不定式，動詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構成的真正的主語或賓語。

例如：It is not easy to learn English well.

I found it difficult to sleep.

3. It可用于其他句型：

(1)It is time to do sth (2)It’s sb’s turn to do sth

(3)It seems that+句子 (4)It is+adj. that+句子

4.人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。

例如：We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger.

5.it指代上文出現(xiàn)過的同一個人或事物；指代嬰兒或身份不明的人。

例如：I like the mobile phone, could you buy it for me?

Someone is knocking on the door. Who might it be?

6.英語里當主語是并列的幾個人時，人稱代詞的排序和漢語不同：

單數(shù)形式（二、三、一）you, he, I

復數(shù)形式（一、二、三）we, you, they

但是，當受到批評或時承認錯誤時正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。

例如：You, he and I are all the winners.

I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.

二、物主代詞

表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。

1.形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語，后面跟名詞。

例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

2.名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中作主語、表語、賓語。

3.名詞性物主代詞可以與of連用，作定語。

例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.

4. 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞

—Where is my pen?

—Oh, sorry. I have taken yours by mistake.

5. 形容詞性物主代詞與own連用，如：on my own我自己

三、反身代詞

用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示：

1.反身代詞在句中常用賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如：

Her sister is too young to dress herself.

He himself is always making such mistakes.

You’d better ask your wife herself.

2.反身代詞可與其他詞構成固定搭配，例如：

make oneself at home teach oneself learn by oneself

help oneself to enjoy oneself look after oneself

dress oneself hurt oneself leave sb by oneself

3.oneself變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時，把f改為v+es

四、指示代詞

表示時間和空間遠近關系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表：

指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如：

Those are my parents. (作主語)

Throw it like that.(作表語)

The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. (作表語)

These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. (作定語)

注意

1.指前面提到過的東西，常用that,those表示。

例如：I’m sorry to hear that.

2.指下文將要提到的事情，可用this,These表示。

3.在打電話用語中，this代替自己，而that代替對方—This is Tom speaking.

—Who is that ?

五、疑問代詞

用來構成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有：who， what，which，whose，whom，在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。

六、不定代詞

不定代詞沒有確定的對象。

1.初中階段常用普通不定代詞表格如下：

2.普通不定代詞的用法

(1)some與any

some和any均表示一些，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞：

some一般用于肯定句，any用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。但在疑問句中，當表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達請求、建議時應用some。

(2)many和much

many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；many和much都可和表示程度副詞so，too，as，how連用。

(3)either與neither

either“兩者之一”；neither“兩者都不”：常構成的固定搭配

either/neither of名詞(代詞)+謂語動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式；

當either…or…和neither…nor…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞要用就近原則。

注意

either還可用于否定句，表示“也”。

(4)both和all

both“兩者都”；常與and搭配，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。all“三者或三者以上都”，常與of連在一起。

注意

both…and…= not only…but (also)…，但是both…and…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；而not only…but (also)…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則。

(5)little a little；few；a few

(6) it；one；that;

① it 特指上下文提到的同一對象，是同一事物。如：

The book is mine. It’s very interesting.

② one 泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個，同類而不同物。如：

—Who has a pen?

—I have one.

③ that 常用于比較級結構中，代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞名詞，以避免重復。當名詞是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時用those代替that。

如：The weather in Beijng is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.

七、復合不定代詞

初中階段常用復合不定代詞列表如下：

(1) 當形容詞或者else修飾復合不定代詞something ,everything ,everyone 等時，形容詞或else必須放在這些不定代詞之后；如：

Can you find someone else?

(2) some—類不定代詞一般用于肯定句，也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中；any—類不定代詞常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。如：

There is somebody who wants to speak to you.

He doesn’t want to do anything.

(3)復合不定代詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

主謂一致（實戰(zhàn)演練）

( ) 1.When I returned to my hometown, I was nearly lost. Almost_______ had changed.

A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything

( ) 2.I hope I can see the famous man _________ in the future.

A. times B. sometimes C. some times D. sometime

( ) 3. Betty is a new student in our class. We know _______ about her except her name.

A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

( ) 4. Hello! I have _______ to tell you.

A. important something B. anything important

C. something important D. important anything

( ) 5.—Where is my notebook?

—I don’t know. It isn’t here. Maybe ___________ took it away.

A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody

( ) 6. Did you find _______?

A. unusual something B. something unusual

C. unusual anything D. anything unusual

( ) 7. Would you like ______ to drink?

A. other something B. something other

C. something else D. else something

( ) 8. — Did you meet ______ interesting at the party?

— Not really.

A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody

( ) 9. Mike never listens to ______ except his uncle.

A. someone B. no one C. everyone D. anyone

( ) 10._____ of the twins has been there before.

A. Both B. Neither C. all D. None

( ) 11.If_____ calls, tell_____ I’ll come back soon.

A. everyone; him B. someone; them

C. anyone; him D. anybody, them

( ) 12. He told me he would tell us _____ .

A. surprising something B. surprising anything

C. something surprised D. something surprising

答案1—5. D D C C D 6—10. D C A D B 11—12. C D