代曾 余紅英 劉琛
關鍵詞: 欠驅動系統; 滑模控制; 雙閉環控制; 四旋翼飛行器; 系統仿真; 控制律
中圖分類號: TN876?34; TP212.9 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號: 1004?373X(2019)06?0088?04
Abstract: A sliding mode control strategy based on inner and outer loops is proposed for the first?class under?actuated quadrotor UAV controlled model, so as to realize stable control and tracking of the Quadrotor UAV system. The dynamics model of the quadrotor UAV is established by using the Lagrange equation. The inner and outer ring control strategy which takes the location system as the outer ring, the attitude system as the inner ring, and the sliding mode control law as the control method is designed according to its mathematical model. The system was simulated in the Matlab environment, by which the effectiveness of the control strategy was verified.
Keywords: under?actuated system; sliding mode control; double closed?loop control; Quadrotor UAV; system simulation;control law
欠驅動系統是指系統的獨立控制變量個數小于系統自由度個數的一類非線性系統,相比而言,欠驅動系統在能耗、成本、結構以及實用性方面要優于全驅動系統[1]。欠驅動系統便于進行全面的數學建模仿真以及分析,而且由于欠驅動系統存在足夠的復雜性,例如高度的非線性以及參數攝動嚴重等,使得欠驅動系統具有典型性[2]。在對抗非線性系統以及系統參數攝動方面,滑模控制作為一種經典控制策略,有著強魯棒性,對系統參數攝動不敏感等優點,因此采用滑模控制方法來解決欠驅動系統的控制問題[3]。
四旋翼飛行器(Quadrotor UAV)系統是一類經典的欠驅動系統,在本文中以Quadrotor UAV為受控對象,根據Lagrange方程建立動力學模型[4],以位置子系統為外環,姿態子系統為內環,通過設計滑模控制律,實現對航跡及滾轉角的跟蹤,同時保證偏航角以及俯仰角的穩定[5]。
Quadrotor UAV的示意圖如圖1所示。




本文在Quadrotor UAV系統數學模型的基礎上設計一種基于內外環的滑模控制方法,從而實現對系統期望狀態的跟蹤控制[10]。通過Matlab仿真,驗證了該算法的可行性,并與經典PID控制方法進行對比。仿真實驗表明,采用雙閉環滑模控制方法設計的Quadrotor UAV控制系統可以保證系統的魯棒性,姿態角可以快速有效地跟蹤到期望值,而且穩態誤差較小,具有良好的控制性能,在實際系統中具有很廣闊的應用前景。
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