探尋衛溫遠航臺灣的腳步

史春波

潘國平不停地咳嗽，他體重不足40公斤，高高瘦瘦，像一根竹子。

這位知名的浙江臺州籍國際法教授生了重病，左肺喪失供氧功能，有時候呼吸也困難。但他還是趕到了首發式現場。

北京。不久前，潘國平發起了一場衛溫首航臺灣1789周年紀念郵折首發式。來參加的有軍界、政界、學界、法律界等方面的專家學者。潘國平把他們請來，一起探討的是三國時期（220年-280年）衛溫將軍遠航臺灣的兩岸往事，以及這一歷史事件在史學、政治學、法學上的價值和現實意義。

這件事，瘦弱的潘國平已經做了整整十年。

一

現在，潘國平的身份是：西南政法大學國際法教授、博士生導師，浙江省東吳衛溫船隊遠航臺灣基金會理事長。

首發式上，一張小小的郵折，印著一座章安古橋，默默訴說的正是三國時期衛溫船隊遠航臺灣的歷史。

靜默的，又是沸騰的。

1789周年前，東吳將軍衛溫就是在臺州章安港率隊出海，登上“夷洲”（今臺灣），并在當地經營開發，促成了較大規模的文明交融與人員往來，這也是中國正史上大陸與臺灣通航的最早記錄。

潘國平動情地講述了10年來推動衛溫首航臺灣這一研究的過程，他呼吁更多的力量來參與推進，尤其是加強該歷史事件的考古挖掘，以提供更多的史料、文物支撐。

“衛溫事件展現了兩岸關系的悠久歷史，目前正在挖掘的遺址、文物，都是見證自古以來兩岸關系的鐵證。”研究國際戰略的教授劉建飛這樣說，“衛溫事件的挖掘研究、宣傳普及，有助于樹立正確的臺灣史觀，對推進兩岸關系發展有著重要意義。”

潘國平自己也沒有想到，會和一個叫衛溫的古人產生關系。

潘國平和衛溫，一個是國際法泰斗邵津教授的得意門生，北京大學的博士，做過律師，年輕有為;另一個是700多年前三國時代的東吳大將，史籍上也記載不多。無論時空如何交錯，他們的命運也不會有任何交集。

但是，潘國平是臺州人，臺州和臺灣兩個一字之差的地方，雖然讀音不同，但潘國平經常會聽說兩地之間的不少淵源關系。比如臺灣有好幾萬臺州大陳人，有好多個大陳村。

二

10年前，潘國平認識了衛溫。那時，他在研究臺灣的原始主權問題，查閱到《三國志·吳書》時，發現了家鄉的一段歷史。

據《三國志·吳書》記載，黃龍二年春正月，吳王孫權遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直率甲士萬余浮海求夷洲，但得數千夷洲人還。

據考證，出發地就是臺州椒江的章安。這讓他覺得興奮和好奇。

潘國平馬上從北京趕回臺州，拜訪了他的老鄉，臺州市政協原副主席、臺州學院歷史系教授葉哲明——衛溫浮海夷洲研究的最權威專家。

從此，潘國平和臺灣、他和衛溫發生了不解之緣。

對于潘國平來說，這是奔波的10年。

2009年底，潘國平發起了“臺（州）臺（灣）”海上直航發展戰略研討會。3年后，在臺州成立衛溫船隊遠航臺灣研究會。

2013年2月24日，潘國平提出要把衛溫遠航臺灣申報世界遺產，并在北京大學舉辦了研討會。

隨后，他又在臺北組織海峽兩岸紀念衛溫遠航的研討會，加強了兩岸的聯系。

2016年5月19日，在杭州，經浙江省民政廳批準，浙江省東吳衛溫船隊遠航臺灣基金會成立，潘國平擔任理事長。他向臺州市椒江區政府爭取了100萬元經費支持，自己也拿出了100萬元。

除了各種研討會，潘國平開始尋訪各種遺跡，他覺得最難的是考古上的支撐。

這一切都是自費的。他最遠到過馬六甲海峽，去了東京的博物館和琉球博物館，去了臺灣的博物館，希望能找到一些考古上的證據。

但這太難了，畢竟距今1700多年了。他的朋友王鍵教授是近代史研究員，在首發式上，王鍵說，以后我也給你多留意。

也有人勸他不要做了，這樣大的事靠一個人沒法做，還是好好在學校里教書吧。但潘國平依然堅持著。這么多年來，這成了他的使命，或者說成了他生命的一部分。

三

這幾年來，在潘國平的倡議和推動下，衛溫首航臺灣已成為臺州一張耀眼的“金名片”。

近日，臺州市臺辦與發改委聯合出臺《關于進一步深化臺州與臺灣經濟文化交流合作的若干措施》，其中第38條，“支持兩岸共同推進衛溫船隊遠航臺灣史料和歷史遺跡的研究開發，積極開展相關主題紀念活動和各種文藝形式的宣傳。”

在潘國平的推動下，浙江和臺州各級政府做了很多工作。比如臺州連續10多次開展紀念活動，成立衛溫船隊遠航臺灣研究會及研究所，對該事件持續性深入的挖掘、研究，同時也將在章安建立衛溫主題公園。

現在，潘國平最大的夢想是，能把衛溫船隊遠航臺灣的故事早日拍成電影。“通過電影，可以讓更多的人特別是年輕人了解這段歷史。向世界宣示：臺灣自古屬于中國！”

潘國平透露，這部電影，目前已在國家電影局備案、立項，并獲得了批復。北京電影學院青年電影制片廠、北京大學影視戲劇研究中心等多家業內權威機構確認參與合作。

劇本，演員都已經有了準備，投資要一億五千萬元，這筆巨資，潘國平已經籌集了一部分，但還有很大的困難。

“我相信能夠完成。”他這樣說。

Professors Research on General Wei Wen

By Shi Chunbo

The 53-year-old Pan Guoping， a professor of international law with Southwest University of Political Science & Law， has been engaged over the past ten years in the studies of General Wei Wen and his voyage to reach Taiwan 1789 years ago. His latest effort was an event in Beijing on February 24， 2019 to issue a postal stamp in commemoration of the generals voyage to Yizhou （present-day Taiwan） in 230 DC. The general stayed in Taiwan for about a year. This historical voyage and stay is widely recognized as Chinas sovereignty over Taiwan.

At the invitation of Professor Pan， government officials， military officers， scholars attended the event， exploring the practical significance and relevance of the historical event in history， politics and jurisprudence. Many of them are friends and acquaintances. They were surprised to see the professor so thin. He was very sick. He weighed no more than 40 kilograms. He coughed badly as his left lung had stopped functioning properly. And they were touched by Pans total dedication to the undertaking. His friends said they would join him in his cause.

At the event， Pan talked about his ten-year undertaking and called for more efforts to promote the study.

Pan hadnt expected that his life would have been so intimately involved with General Wei Wen of the Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period in Chinas history.

The only connection between them is Taizhou. Pan Guoping is a native of Taizhou. General Weis fleet left Taizhou for Taiwan 1，789 years ago. Pan was fascinated by the historical sailings departure point ten years ago when he was reading about the general in the? in the? written by Chen Shou （233-297）. Back then， the professor was engaged in a research project about Chinas sovereignty over Taiwan. As soon as he learned about the expedition in 230AD， he went back to Taizhou and visited Professor Ye Zheming， an expert on General Wei Wens journey to Yizhou， at the History Department of Taizhou College. This visit started his own voyage following General Wei Wen.

In the second half of 2009， Pan Guoping set up a research organization with a focus on General Weis direct sailing between Taizhou and Taiwan. Three years later， the Research Institute for Studies of Wei Wen Fleets Voyage to Taiwan was founded in Taizhou. On February 24， 2013， he proposed that the historical sailing apply for a world heritage status and held a forum at Peking University to explore the feasibilities of this proposal. Then he held a forum in Taipei in commemoration of General Weis voyage across the Taiwan Strait.

On May 19， 2016， a foundation was set up in Hangzhou with the approval of the provincial government of Zhejiang. Pan is the president of the foundation， which functions with one million yuan from the government of Jiaojing District of Taizhou and one million out of his own pocket.

Professor Pan Guoping thinks the most difficult part of his studies is that archaeological finds are hardly available for detailed information on this voyage. After all， it occurred more than 1700 years ago. In search of historical clues， he has visited museums in Japan and Taiwan. He has visited the Strait of Malacca. He got little， he revealed at the event in February 2019. His friends promised to pay attention when anything in this field may pop up in this field.

The next big thing Pan Guoping wishes to accomplish is to produce a feature film on General Weis voyage. The film has been filed with the national filmmaking authorities and has been approved. A number of filmmakers have confirmed their participation in the project. The script and selection of actors have been underway. He aims to raise 150 million yuan for the film project. He has raised some， but there are a lot to do. “I believe this can be done，” says the professor.

their eyes that she was the master of such a young age. She remembers how the fans sold out in no time in Hong Kong and regrets that none of them is in her possession as a memento. She has only a set of photos of her prize-winning paper fan drawings. In 1999， she brought her paper fans to the China Cultural Week in Paris， France. It was her first international exhibition. All the fans she brought to Paris went into private collections in France.

A turning point in her life occurred in 2010 when she demonstrated her fan-painting art at World Expo in Shanghai. She asked her daughter You Xiaoting to help her out at the expo. The daughter hadnt wanted to carry on her moms career. The girl liked to draw and was a good designer of paper fans， but she didnt want to commit herself to such a career， thinking her mothers total dedication was spiritually exhausting and unbearable. She chose to study environmental art at college. But attending the Expo in Shanghai changed her mind about paper fans. After seeing her mothers fans attracted so many people， the daughter found the work meaningful. She decided to focus on painting paper fans. Even now， the mother and the daughter feel amazed how a month at the expo in 2010 changed the life of the mother and the daughter forever. “I wouldnt want to force her to engage herself in this field. In this line of work， only a real passion can last a lifetime. Such a total dedication must come from within. It would be futile trying to impose it from without，” says the mother.

Now You Xiaoting works with her mother at the two-story studio in downtown Hefang Street. Her fan products are a little different from those by her mother. Zhao Pingjias paintings are more traditional in both subjects and skills whereas Yous works incorporate some modern elements. She will continue to do what her mother has been doing： design and create special paintings on black-paper fans. Works in this category are time-consuming and expensive. Traditional fans appeal only to a small group of people. She wants to develop paper-fans that appeal to more popular tastes of ordinary people. A series of fans that integrates paper-cutting and silk， jointly developed by the mother-daughter team， has won a gold medal in three consecutive years from the tourism authorities of Hangzhou.

The daughter is full of ideas she wants to try out in the future. While the young woman talks， Zhao Pingjia listens attentively and lovingly， knowing the fan painting art is now in the safe and youthful hands.