每一頁(yè)都寫著“飛鷹”的青春熱血

孫昌建

高建法，筧橋當(dāng)?shù)厝耸浚瑥男【吐犂先藗冎v筧橋空軍的故事。隨著年歲的增長(zhǎng)，筧橋情結(jié)越發(fā)濃厚。

幾年前，愛收藏的他開始專收跟空軍抗戰(zhàn)有關(guān)的物件，并于2015年創(chuàng)辦了民間性質(zhì)的筧橋抗戰(zhàn)紀(jì)念館。

高建法也將部分文獻(xiàn)資料等作了公開展覽，2018年8月浙江圖書館有一個(gè)抗戰(zhàn)文獻(xiàn)展覽，那些資料就都是高建法的紀(jì)念館提供的。抗戰(zhàn)英雄高志航的兒子高耀漢聞?dòng)嵰矎呐_(tái)灣趕來參觀，并且送上了他撰寫的《高志航傳》。

2018年當(dāng)選為浙江收藏協(xié)會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)兼秘書長(zhǎng)的高建法，越來越知道把這一塊工作做好的意義所在，他說困難總會(huì)過去，民間紀(jì)念館的春天一定會(huì)到來的。

翻雜志，尋覓空軍英雄的故事

在高建法創(chuàng)辦的這個(gè)筧橋抗戰(zhàn)紀(jì)念館里，成百上千件藏品堆放在逼仄的空間里，有好多書籍雜志還來不及歸檔。有的手一碰，那發(fā)霉發(fā)脆的書頁(yè)就會(huì)粉碎和掉落。最為寶貴也最易損的就是當(dāng)年的一些出版物，圖書、雜志、報(bào)紙和老照片等，其中不少還是日文版和英文版。

比如一本筧橋航校三期新生的紀(jì)念冊(cè)，里面就有關(guān)于電影《無問東西》里王力宏扮演的原型、被譽(yù)為“筧橋之鷹”的空軍烈士沈崇誨的資料。因?yàn)橐彩菑牡谌陂_始，航校新生按規(guī)定要在今天杭州體育場(chǎng)路附近的大營(yíng)盤進(jìn)行為期半年的訓(xùn)練。而這一本紀(jì)念冊(cè)，簡(jiǎn)直就是訓(xùn)練“成果展”，可謂彌足珍貴，里面記錄了沈崇誨、張錫鈷、鄭少愚、佟彥博等新生訓(xùn)練之外的生活片斷，包括他們?cè)诤贾菀恍┲包c(diǎn)如虎跑、玉泉、黃龍洞的留影照片，以及他們跟在杭高校師生進(jìn)行體育比賽的花絮。

出版物中最多的還是那個(gè)時(shí)期的航空雜志，其中最有代表性的一本叫《中國(guó)的空軍》。它是抗戰(zhàn)期間中國(guó)空軍最為權(quán)威也最為官方的一本宣傳刊物。

筆者看到的《中國(guó)的空軍》是1938年和1939年的合訂本，期數(shù)從第十期開始。除了這合訂本，筆者還看到不成系列的也有十幾本，比如第一百期，它的出版日期是1947年3月。它由航空委員會(huì)政治部主辦，社長(zhǎng)是簡(jiǎn)樸，簡(jiǎn)樸即為寫了大量空軍抗戰(zhàn)歌曲的那一位，他的另一個(gè)職務(wù)是航委會(huì)政治部主任。該雜志此前的地址在漢口，后又遷至重慶。這本雜志一周年兩周年的特輯，既有周至柔等空軍高官的紀(jì)念文章，也有編撰者的特稿，更有來自戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)一線的文字，當(dāng)然，也有一期是杭州人丁炎以及三期生、五期生、九期生等對(duì)航校生活的回憶，這都是非常珍貴的資料。丁炎曾是蔣介石1936年赴西安時(shí)的侍衛(wèi)官，他還是修《四庫(kù)全書》的丁丙、丁申的后人，后為國(guó)殉職。

有一部分《中國(guó)的空軍》雜志的封面皆是梁又銘先生的畫作。畫風(fēng)是漫畫性質(zhì)的，每期都有一個(gè)主題，如第十期的封面是“四二九武漢上空粉碎日本佐世保航空隊(duì)圖”;第十一期的主題是“遠(yuǎn)征日本”，封面上似無此字樣，但目錄上是有的，封面上就繪有飛機(jī)飛在富士山上的圖畫;第十二期的主題是“轟炸龍?bào)J航空母艦”。這幾期還有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，皆在目錄上臨時(shí)粘了一張烈士的遺像，如第十期是陳懷民，第十二期是沈崇誨，這大約是每出一個(gè)犧牲的大英雄，雜志要臨時(shí)加印這些英雄的照片夾在里面，以作懷念并饗讀者。而這些遺像也就是我們今天看到的空戰(zhàn)英雄的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)像。

同樣的，《中國(guó)的空軍》還有一個(gè)首發(fā)和原創(chuàng)的功能。關(guān)于陳懷民的報(bào)道中，有美惠子（被陳懷民撞擊的那架日本飛機(jī)的飛行員高橋憲一之妻）的信，包括她的照片、信的原件照片等，應(yīng)該都是首發(fā)。還有曾是杭州臨平小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)的許希麟寫下的感人至深的《念粹剛》，也是在此首發(fā)的。“粹剛”即她的丈夫劉粹剛，與高志航、樂以琴、李桂丹一并被譽(yù)為中國(guó)空軍的“四大金剛”，在抗戰(zhàn)中英勇殺敵，壯烈殉國(guó)。

對(duì)英雄和先烈的報(bào)道，有的采用連載的方法，如描寫杭州籍勇士黃正裕就刊于二十一和二十二期，還有像閻海文的《我的自傳》則刊于二十三期，都很有看點(diǎn)。

該本雜志除了請(qǐng)軍政名人撰稿之外，也有文藝界的名人為之寫稿作畫的，其中就有豐子愷先生的文章《空軍的人格亦要至高無上》《神鷹東征瑣話》等，同時(shí)還有豐先生表現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)俘的漫畫作品。

除了《中國(guó)的空軍》，高建法還收有那個(gè)階段的其他航空雜志，像《航空雜志》《青年空軍》《筧橋》《航空建設(shè)》等。有的雜志是抗戰(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)前就創(chuàng)刊了，有的是抗戰(zhàn)勝利后還在繼續(xù)出版的。其中，《筧橋》還是創(chuàng)刊號(hào)。除了大人物訓(xùn)詞和創(chuàng)刊前言外，頭條文章就是《歐戰(zhàn)給予我們的教訓(xùn)——為筧橋八周年而作》。因?yàn)樗锩娴奈恼掠谢貞浫昵暗摹鞍艘凰目諔?zhàn)”，因此可以推算這個(gè)雜志的創(chuàng)刊是在1940年，這一年也恰好就是筧橋航校創(chuàng)辦八周年。雜志的主編胡偉克，是筧橋航校的一期生。抗戰(zhàn)勝利后，他擔(dān)任筧橋航校的校長(zhǎng)，杭州司徒雷登紀(jì)念館中就有他接待“老杭州人”司徒的照片。家住橫河橋的作家高陽(yáng)當(dāng)年報(bào)考筧橋航校，一開始就是去編《筧橋》的，后來到臺(tái)灣地區(qū)之后就變成了《筧橋報(bào)》。而今天高雄岡山的航空教育紀(jì)念館中，還時(shí)時(shí)可見“筧橋精神”的提法，它的主旨要義概括起來就是四個(gè)字：我死國(guó)生。

除了上述雜志外，筧橋抗戰(zhàn)紀(jì)念館還收有《革命空軍》創(chuàng)刊號(hào)（1934年）、《空軍畫報(bào)》、《航空月刊》（封面是孫中山和宋慶齡在飛機(jī)前的照片）、《空軍》、《民國(guó)空軍》等雜志。

看圖書感受可歌可泣的歷史

除了雜志之外，那個(gè)年代出版的圖書在紀(jì)念館中也有收藏，其中《英勇的空軍》一書直接就反映空軍先烈。那是屬于“戰(zhàn)時(shí)綜合叢書”一類，就是把《中國(guó)的空軍》中的人物報(bào)道輯錄后單獨(dú)出版成書。

也有一些是英雄人物的報(bào)道專輯，如描寫筧橋航校新生隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)、獨(dú)臂將軍石邦藩事跡的《斷臂隊(duì)長(zhǎng)》。

石邦藩一直是“筧橋精神”的活化石，他跟日本侵略者在空中的作戰(zhàn)，要追溯到1931年的喬司上空。當(dāng)時(shí)面對(duì)侵略者的飛機(jī)，他和趙甫明等年輕的中國(guó)空軍飛行員起飛迎敵，最后擊落兩架日機(jī)，趙甫明光榮犧牲，而他手臂受重傷，后來作了截肢手術(shù)，其斷臂泡在浸有福爾馬林的器皿中，一直留在航校。新生入學(xué)的第一課即由石隊(duì)長(zhǎng)開講，學(xué)員只要一看他那只空空的衣袖，即刻就明白了什么叫“用我們的身體炸彈來對(duì)付侵略者”。也因?yàn)槟菆?chǎng)血戰(zhàn)，后來喬司機(jī)場(chǎng)一度改名為甫明機(jī)場(chǎng)，就是為了紀(jì)念烈士趙甫明。可惜現(xiàn)在很少有人知道這段歷史了，但是《斷臂隊(duì)長(zhǎng)》一書卻為我們留住了那一段可歌可泣的記憶。

紀(jì)念館中的藏品，有的是文藝創(chuàng)作作品，像“集體創(chuàng)作，洪深執(zhí)筆”的劇作《飛將軍》就是直接反映空軍生活的話劇作品，此書出版于1938年。

洪深是跟田漢齊名的著名劇作家，但這個(gè)劇的看點(diǎn)在于他把男一號(hào)塑造成有缺點(diǎn)的英雄，即作為一名飛行員，還是時(shí)時(shí)有生死無常當(dāng)及時(shí)享樂的念頭，這可能也是當(dāng)時(shí)普遍的一種情緒。

特別有意思的是，該書中附了主創(chuàng)人員的一個(gè)座談紀(jì)要，里面包括金山、王瑩、冼星海（音樂）、田方（田壯壯之父）等名字。這里所說的“集體創(chuàng)作”也非虛指，它指的是“上海話劇界救亡協(xié)會(huì)、戰(zhàn)時(shí)移動(dòng)話劇第二隊(duì)”，它的初版是1937年12月20日，再版是1938年4月25日，這說明話劇界和文藝界在抗日救亡中的反應(yīng)是特別快的。

Museum Glorifies Pilots Youth and Passion in War

By Sun Changjian

In the 1930s， Jianqiao in Hangzhou was the cradle of the emerging Chinese air force. The airport there housed a military school where young men learned how to fly fighters. Even today there are many legends and stories about them circulating in local communities in Jianqiao. A few years ago， Gao Jianfa， a local resident who grew up hearing these hero stories and legends， started a collection of objects concerning Chinas air force during the nations heroic resistance war against Japanese aggression. In 2015， Gao founded Jianqiao Memorial Museum of Chinas Resistance War against Japanese Aggression， the only one of its kind in the province. He has displayed part of the literature in his collection to the public. In August 2018， Zhejiang Library held an exhibition featuring documents of Chinas war efforts against Japanese aggression. Many documents were loaned from Gaos museum. Gao Yaohan， the son of Gao Zhihang （1917-1937）， a hero pilot who shot down Japanese planes in an air fight in Hangzhou， came all the way from Taiwan to visit the exhibition with . By the way， Gao Jianfa is not a relative of the hero and his son.

Gaos collection housed in the museum is not yet thoroughly sorted out. Many books and magazines published in the war years havent been catalogued yet. These publications printed in bygone years are so old and fragile that a careless finger touch could damage a page. The most precious among the collection are books， magazines， newspapers and photos. Some publications are in Japanese and English. Aviation periodicals account for a big part of the magazines in the collection. The most eye-catching among these magazines are ， an official publication printed by the Political Department of the Aviation Committee. There are two one-volume editions of the issues published respectively in 1938 and 1939. There are also issues from other years. The 100th issue of the publication is dated March 1947. The address of the editorial board as listed on the issues reflects the wartime movements. The periodical was published in Hankou for a time. Then it relocated to Chongqing， the wartime national capital. In the first anniversary special issue and the second anniversary special issue are articles written by young pilots who recalled their experiences at the pilot school based in Jianqiao. Among these young pilot writers is Ding Yan， who was among the first batch of pilots trained at the school. Ding Yan was a descendent of Ding Bing and Ding Shen， two Hangzhou natives who had salvaged and reprinted some lost volumes of the? housed in an imperial library in Hangzhou. The descendent was a bodyguard to Chiang Kai-shek in the Xian Incident in 1936.

These publications keep the past alive. One issue of? carries a memorial article written by Xu Xilin， schoolmaster of Linping Primary School in Hangzhou and wife of Liu Cuigang， a hero who took part in many air combats and died in action during Chinas resistance war. Noteworthy are additional photos that went out with the 10th issue and the 12th issue. In the 10th issue is the photo of Chen Huaimin， a hero who had died in action. In the 12th issue is the photo of Shen Chonghui， a hero who had died in action.

One publication is simply called . The publication is not in a complete condition， but one article in the publication is about the August 14 Air Combat which “occurred three years ago”. As the air combat occurred in 1937， it can be deduced that the publication was inaugurated in 1940.? later continued publication in Taiwan and changed its name to . At the aviation education museum in Kaohsiung， Taiwan， “Jianqiao Spirit” is a high-frequency term. The heroism embodied in the spirit， in short， is “fight to death so that my nation can live on”. Hu Weike was the editor in chief of the publication. He was the first year student of the Central Aviation School in Jianqiao. After the victory of Chinas resistance war against Japanese aggression， he came back to the school in Hangzhou and served as its principal. A photo at the Memorial Museum of John Leighton Stuart in Hangzhou features Hu and the American at the school. Gao Yang （1926-1992）， a native of Hangzhou who later established himself as a history novelist in Taiwan， enrolled himself at the aviation school and his assignment there was working as an editor of? magazine.

The collection also reflects the involvement of Chinese artists， playwrights and essayists in the national war efforts. A book titled ， a drama script published in 1938， was created by a group of artists and written by Hong Shen， a script. The group of artists included Jin Shan， Wang Ying， Xian Xinghai and Tian Fang， all members of a troupe from Shanghai which helped Chinas war efforts. The script was first published on December 29， 1937 and reprinted on April 1938， reflecting the fast response on the part of the people of the literary and art circles in Shanghai.