程勇強(qiáng)


摘? 要:進(jìn)行真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)時(shí),負(fù)荷穩(wěn)定在80%以上,真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)中環(huán)境溫度不能升高,自然風(fēng)速不大于3m/s,真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)中穩(wěn)定負(fù)荷,波動(dòng)不超過(guò)0.003MW。在停止抽氣設(shè)備的條件下,試驗(yàn)時(shí)間為8min,取后5min的真空下降速度的平均值(Pa/min)。在本次問(wèn)題探究中,汽封加熱器的設(shè)計(jì)不合理是導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的最主要原因,疏水膨脹箱的其他疏水內(nèi)漏和真空系統(tǒng)泄漏是導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的次要原因。在后續(xù)的真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)中,仍然出現(xiàn)過(guò)疏水膨脹箱其他疏水未關(guān)閉嚴(yán)密導(dǎo)致真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)不合格的情況,在關(guān)緊后再次試驗(yàn)時(shí)試驗(yàn)仍能達(dá)到優(yōu)良標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在正常運(yùn)行中,加強(qiáng)有關(guān)疏水的檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)閥門(mén)未關(guān)緊時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)關(guān)回,存在內(nèi)漏情況時(shí)應(yīng)在具備條件后進(jìn)行處理。
關(guān)鍵詞:汽輪機(jī)組;真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn);汽封加熱器
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TK263? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào):2095-2945(2019)09-0120-02
Abstract: When the vacuum tightness test is carried out, the load is stable above 80%, the ambient temperature can not be increased in the vacuum tightness test, the natural wind speed is not more than 3 m/s, and the load is stable and the fluctuation is not more than 0.003MW in the vacuum tightness test. Under the condition of stopping the pumping equipment, the test time is 8 min. the average vacuum drop velocity (Pa/min) of 5min is taken. In this problem, the unreasonable design of steam seal heater is the main cause of the problem, and other hydrophobic internal leakage of hydrophobic expansion tank and vacuum system leakage are the secondary causes of the problem. In the subsequent vacuum tightness test, there are still some cases in which the vacuum tightness test is not qualified because of the other hydrophobic expansion box is not closed tightly, and the test can still reach the excellent standard when it is re-tested after closing. In normal operation, strengthen the inspection of drainage, it is found that the valve should be closed back in time when it is not closed, and should be dealt with after the conditions are met when there is an internal leakage.
Keywords: steam turbine unit; vacuum tightness test; steam seal heater
1 研究意義
節(jié)能降耗是當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要課題,是打造“美麗中國(guó)”的重要一環(huán)。近幾年來(lái),我國(guó)把節(jié)能降耗作為一項(xiàng)主要的國(guó)策來(lái)執(zhí)行,在我國(guó)能耗比例中,工業(yè)用能一直以來(lái)占我國(guó)終端能耗的60%左右,單位產(chǎn)品的能耗顯著高于國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平。為響應(yīng)國(guó)家號(hào)召,保證機(jī)組經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,解決一分廠汽輪機(jī)真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)不合格,節(jié)能降耗問(wèn)題刻不容緩。
2 原因初步分析
經(jīng)初步檢查與數(shù)據(jù)觀察,認(rèn)為主要有以下三點(diǎn)原因?qū)е吕羁右粡S汽輪機(jī)真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)不合格。
2.1 真空泄漏
2017年11月26日至11月30日,委托外單位專(zhuān)業(yè)隊(duì)伍對(duì)汽輪機(jī)真空系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)分析,同時(shí)對(duì)設(shè)備存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了處理。
經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)機(jī)組低壓缸本體、低加系統(tǒng)、凝結(jié)水系統(tǒng)、加熱器疏水系統(tǒng)、擴(kuò)容器疏水系統(tǒng)及本體、低加各抽汽管道、真空抽氣系統(tǒng)、低壓旁路系統(tǒng)、機(jī)組補(bǔ)水系統(tǒng)、軸封加熱器疏水系統(tǒng)、排汽缸喉部及空冷島等系統(tǒng)所有閥門(mén)、法蘭及管道等設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)#1機(jī)組汽封冷卻器至凝汽器疏水膨脹水箱手動(dòng)閥、平衡管疏水截止閥、低加加熱器空氣門(mén)內(nèi)漏、前軸封、后軸封、前軸封平衡管根部法蘭、后軸封平衡管根部法蘭墊片、低加加熱器液位計(jì)疏水法蘭、軸封回汽疏水管存在泄漏真空現(xiàn)象。
以上真空系統(tǒng)漏點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行中外部環(huán)境空氣由漏點(diǎn)位置吸入真空系統(tǒng),運(yùn)行中真空降低、進(jìn)行真空嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)時(shí)真空下降速率過(guò)快,試驗(yàn)不合格。
2.2 汽封加熱器液位
汽封加熱器水封桶存在設(shè)計(jì)缺陷(水封桶高度偏低);汽封加熱器未設(shè)置液位計(jì),無(wú)法監(jiān)視汽封加熱器液位,汽封加熱器疏水經(jīng)疏水膨脹箱與凝汽器連接,若液位過(guò)低,可能導(dǎo)致汽封側(cè)高溫漏汽直接進(jìn)入疏水膨脹箱至凝汽器;此外,汽封加熱器未設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)疏水裝置,無(wú)法保證汽封加熱器維持穩(wěn)定液位運(yùn)行。