權云帆 王佩 王昊 袁靖喆 戴好富 梅文莉


摘 ?要 ?為了研究紅樹林來源真菌Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2的次生代謝產物及其生物活性,綜合利用多種色譜技術對該菌株發酵產物進行分離純化,結合波譜學與理化常數分析進行化合物結構鑒定,分別采用液體浸泡法和Ellman比色法對化合物的全齒復活線蟲致死活性和乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性進行測試。從Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2發酵產物乙酸乙酯萃取物中分離鑒定了7個異香豆素類化合物,分別為 (S)-(+)-8-O-methylmellein (1),(3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O- met hylmellein (2),(3S,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O-methylmellein (3),(3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxymellein (4),(3S,4R)-(+)-4- hydroxym ell ein (5),(3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (6)和(3R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (7)。其中,化合物1具有較強全齒復活線蟲致死活性,化合物1~3、6和7具有一定的乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性。本研究首次發現化合物(S)-(+)-8 O- methy mellein具有較強的抗線蟲活性,為相關殺線蟲藥物的研發提供理論依據。
關鍵詞 ?紅樹林;真菌;次生代謝產物;異香豆素;生物活性
中圖分類號 ?R284.1 ?????文獻標識碼 ?A
Abstract ?In order to study the secondary metabolites of the mangrove-derived fungus Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2 and the biological activities, seven isocoumarin derivatives were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques. The chemical structures were identified as (S)-(+)-8-O-methylmellein (1), (3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O-methylmellein (2), (3S,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O-methylmellein (3), (3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxymellein (4), (3S,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxymellein (5), (3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (6) and (3R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (7) based on a combined analysis of spectral data and physicochemical properties. In addition, all compounds were tested for the nematicidal activity against Panagrellus redivivus and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity by liquid immersion method and Ellman colorimetric method, respectively. Among them, compound 1 exhibited nematicidal activity against P. redivivus. Compounds 1–3, 6 and 7 showed AChE inhibitory activity. The potential nematicidal activity of compound 1 would provide scientific evidences for its development of nematicide.
Keywords ?mangrove; fungus; secondary metabolites; isocoumarin derivatives; bioactive activities
DOI ?10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.08.023
紅樹林是分布于熱帶、亞熱帶海岸潮間帶的植物群落[1]。紅樹林獨特的生態環境使得紅樹林來源微生物可能具有適應該特殊環境的代謝機制,從而產生活性多樣的次級代謝產物[1],例如具有抗腫瘤活性化合物2-(7-hydroxyoxooctyl) 3-hy dr oxy5-methoxybenzeneacetic acid ethyl ester,2-(3-吲哚基)-4H-1,3-苯并噁嗪-4-酮[2]和Norlichexanthone[3];具有乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性化合物anhydrojavanicin和beauvericin[4];具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性化合物botryorhodine F 和botryorhodine D[5];具有抗菌活性的peni ibr ocazine B[6]和5α, 8α環二氧麥角甾醇[7];具有抗炎活性的(-)-(R)-7-hydroxymellein[8]。近年來的海洋天然產物統計研究已經將紅樹林來源真菌從海洋來源真菌中游離出來作為1個獨立的真菌來源進行研究[9]。研究紅樹林來源真菌次生代謝產物對于尋找具有生物活性先導化合物有重要意義。
本研究組對紅樹植物木果楝莖組織來源真菌Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2次生代謝產物進行研究,其發酵產物的乙酸乙酯萃取物在25 mg/mL濃度下,表現出一定的全齒復活線蟲致死活性,前期從中分離得到1個新的細胞松弛素,1個倍半萜及3個吡喃酮類化合物[10],其中吡喃酮類化合物astropyrone表現出一定的乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。本研究繼續從中尋找活性化合物,進一步對該真菌的次生代謝產物進行研究,共分離鑒定了7個異香豆素類化合物。
化合物4:白色粉末。+43.04 (c 0.47,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 217處給出[M+Na]+峰,結合1H-NMR,13C-NMR和 DEPT 數據推測該化合物分子式為C10H10O4。1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MH z):δ 10.93 (1H, s, 8-OH), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 7.6 Hz, H-6), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-7), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-5), 4.67 (1H, qd, J = 6.6, 2.1 Hz, H-3), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-4), 1.56 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-9)。13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz):δ169.4 (C-1), 78.4 (C-3), 67.2 (C-4), 140.6 (C-4a), 118.5 (C-5), 136.9 (C-6), 118.5 (C-7), 162.0 (C-8), 106.9 (C-8a), 16.1 (C-9)。以上數據與文獻[15-16]報道基本一致,根據波譜數據和理化性質分析,結合文獻[15-16]比對,化合物4被鑒定為(3S,4S)-(+)-4- hydroxymellein。
化合物5:白色粉末。+8.95 (c 0.37,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 427處給出[2M+K]+峰,結合1H-NMR,13C-NMR和DEPT數據推測該化合物分子式為C10H10O4。1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz):δ 10.98 (1H, s, 8-OH), 7.54(1H, dd, J = 8.5, 7.5 Hz, H-6), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-5), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-7), 4.62 (1H, m, H-4), 4.60 (1H, m, H-3), 1.52 (3H, d, J = 6.2 Hz, H-9)。13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz):δ 168.6 (C-1), 80.1 (C-3), 69.3 (C-4), 141.3 (C-4a), 116.4 (C-5), 137.0 (C-6), 118.0 (C-7), 162.1 (C-8), 106.8 (C-8a), 18.1 (C-9)。以上數據與文獻[16-17]報道基本一致,根據波譜數據和理化性質分析,結合文獻[16-17]比對,化合物5被鑒定為(3S,4R)-(+)-4-hy droxymellein。
化合物6:白色粉末。14.99 (c 0.48,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 247處給出[M+K]+峰,結合1H-NMR,13C-NMR和DEPT數據推測該化合物分子式為C11H12O4。1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz):δ 10.98 (1H, s, 8-OH), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-7), 4.64 (1H, br d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-4), 4.61 (1H, m, H-3), 2.36 (3H, s, H-10), 1.63 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-9)。13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz):δ 169.9 (C-1), 78.1 (C-3), 64.6 (C-4), 137.7 (C-4a), 126.4 (C-5), 139.1 (C-6), 118.4 (C-7), 160.6 (C-8), 106.9 (C-8a), 16.5 (C-9), 17.3 (C-10)。以上數據與文獻[18]報道基本一致,根據波譜數據和理化性質分析,結合文獻[18]比對,化合物6被鑒定為(3R,4R)-(-)- 4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein。
化合物7:白色粉末。+17.42(c 0.33,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 231處給出[M+Na]+峰,結合1H-NMR,13C-NMR和DEPT數據推測該化合物分子式為C11H12O4。1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz):δ 11.11 (1H, s, 8-OH), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-6), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-7), 4.99 (1H, qd, J = 7.0, 1.5 Hz, H-3), 4.73 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz, H-4), 2.36 (3H, s, H-10), 1.32 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-9)。13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz):δ 168.2 (C-1), 80.2 (C-3), 65.9 (C-4), 135.3 (C-4a), 127.2 (C-5), 139.2 (C-6), 118.4 (C-7), 160.5 (C-8), 106.9 (C-8a), 18.3 (C-9), 17.3 (C-10)。以上數據與文獻[18]報道基本一致,根據波譜數據和理化性質分析,結合文獻[18]比對,化合物7被鑒定為(3R,4S)-(+)-4- hyd roxy-5-met h ylmellein。
化合物1~7結構式見圖2。
2.3 ?生物活性測試結果
2.3.1 ?全齒復活線蟲致死活性 ?對化合物1~7進行全齒復活線蟲致死活性測試,在濃度為2.50?mg/mL時化合物1表現出較強的全齒復活線蟲致死活性,其致死率為(99.21±0.79)%,化合物2、4未表現出活性,化合物3、5~7表現出微弱的活性,其致死率均小于10%,結果見表1。
以阿維菌素為陽性對照(PC),二甲基亞砜(DMSO,NC)為溶劑,進行全齒復活線蟲致死活性評價(圖3),化合物1在一定濃度范圍內(2.50~0.08 mg/mL),均顯示顯著的線蟲致死活
2.3.2 ?乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性 ?對化合物1~7進行乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性測試,在終濃度為0.05?mg/mL時,化合物1~3、6和7表現出一定的乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性,抑制率分別為(23.13± 0.78)%,(26.59±0.66)%,(24.14±1.78)%,(10.45± 0.97)%和(15.08±0.94)%,化合物4和5活性微弱,其抑制率均小于10%,結果見表2。
3 ?討論
本研究獲得7個化合物具有相同的苯并喃酮母核,主要區別在于4位、5位和8位取代基不同以及3位和4位構型不同。化合物1與2~7的區別在于其4位無取代,而化合物2~7的4位均被羥基取代,推測該類化合物4位被羥基取代會使該類化合物活性降低。據文獻報道,異香豆素類化合物具有抗菌、細胞毒及抗炎等生物活性[3, 7, 19-20],而對其線蟲致死活性的相關報道較少,本研究報道了異香豆素類化合物的全齒復活線蟲致死活性,為相關殺線蟲藥物的研發提供理論依據,同時首次報道了該類化合物乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制活性,豐富了異香豆素類化合物的生物活性研究成果。
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