李孝爭 劉美榮 李國振 柴秋平 趙同新

[摘要] 目的 對比超聲引導下豎脊肌阻滯與椎旁神經阻滯在胸腔鏡下肺葉切除術后鎮痛效果差異。 方法 方便選擇2018年2月—2019年2月期間于該院進行胸腔鏡下肺葉切除術患者40例,采用隨機數字表法分為兩組(n=20):超聲引導胸椎旁阻滯組(P組)和超聲引導豎脊肌阻滯組(E組)。兩組患者按分組分別行阻滯手術并置管。分別記錄兩組患者神經阻滯所需時間以及阻滯操作中造成的局部組織和血管損傷情況。并分別于2、4、6、24和48 h時記錄患者VAS評分。同時記錄患者消化道、呼吸系統及皮膚等器官不良反應。 結果 兩組神經阻滯操作耗時相比,E組(3.8±1.9)min明顯短于P組(5.1±2.1)min,差異有統計學意義(t=4.214 5,P=0.047 0),兩組患者術后2、4、6、24和48 h時VAS評分比較,E組明顯低于P組,各時間段兩組差異有統計學意義(t=50.865 4、71.111 1、18.560 4、11.045 8、8.910 9,P=0.000 0、0.000 0、0.000 1、0.002 0、0.004 9);兩組補救鎮痛發生情況相同,均為5%;P組發生不良反應3例,E組4例,兩組不良反應發生率比較差異無統計學意義(χ2=3.243 243,P=0.071 7)。兩組患者均未發生嚴重的局部組織、血管損傷。 結論 對于胸腔鏡下肺葉切除術患者,應用超聲引導豎脊肌阻滯鎮痛效果更優,值得臨床推廣應用。
[關鍵詞] 豎脊肌阻滯;椎旁神經阻滯;肺葉切除術;鎮痛
[中圖分類號] R614? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-0742(2019)08(b)-0050-03
[Abstract] Objective To compare the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block and paravertebral nerve block after thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods Forty patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were convenient randomly divided into two groups (n=20): ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (group P) and ultrasound-guided erector spinae block group (group E). The two groups of patients underwent block surgery and catheterization. The time required for nerve block in both groups and the local tissue and vascular damage caused by the block operation were recorded separately. Patient VAS scores were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h, respectively. At the same time, the patient's digestive tract, respiratory system and skin and other adverse reactions were recorded. Results Compared with the time-consuming operation of the two groups, the group E (3.8±1.9) min was significantly shorter than the group P (5.1±2.1) min, and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.214 5 P=0.047 0). The VAS scores at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after surgery were significantly lower in group E than in group P. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=50.865 4, 71.111 1, 18.560 4, 11.045 8, 8.910 9, P=0.000 0, 0.000 0, 0.000 1, 0.002 0, 0.004 9); the two groups had the same remedy for analgesia, both were 5%; 3 patients had adverse reactions in group P, and 4 patients in group E. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(χ2=3.2432 43, P=0.071 7). No serious local tissue or vascular injury occurred in either group. Conclusion For patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy, the effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block is better, which is worthy of clinical application.
兩組患者均未發生嚴重的局部組織、血管損傷??梢?,豎脊肌平面阻滯技術相對于椎旁神經阻滯技術具有操作簡單的優點。該研究結果與夏玉中等人[8]的研究結果基本一致,在其研究中,豎脊肌平面阻滯操作時間為(4.0±1.4)min,顯著短于胸椎旁神經阻滯時間(4.9±1.6)min,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),兩組患者術中瑞芬太尼總用量、嗎啡累計用量、惡心嘔吐發生率及補救鎮痛率差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。此外,豎脊肌平面阻滯的安全性高,超聲引導下能夠清晰識別橫突與肌肉間隙,進針損傷小且不易造成氣胸和硬膜外血腫[9]。
綜上所述,豎脊肌神經阻滯在胸外科手術中的應用尚未普及,仍需更多成功經驗的積累。在應用該技術時,合理把握阻滯范圍仍具有很大挑戰。首先豎脊肌由棘肌、最長肌和髂肋肌3部分組成,超聲引導下注射藥物時一般選擇最長肌和脊肌間隙作為入路,實現合理的神經阻滯效果;其次麻醉藥物用量也是影響阻滯范圍的重要因素,針對老年患者、患兒等特殊人群應酌情減量,避免阻滯范圍過廣。因此,探索豎脊肌神經阻滯技術的合理應用和臨床適應證仍然是當下研究的重點。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-19)