馬爾蒂雷諾86號(hào)住宅，墨西哥城，墨西哥

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：弗里達(dá)·埃斯科韋多

1 外景/Exterior view

該項(xiàng)目的初衷源于對(duì)打破傳統(tǒng)垂直住宅空間組織限制的渴望。設(shè)計(jì)旨在擴(kuò)大、模糊并激活公共和私人、內(nèi)部和外部之間的領(lǐng)域，從而為居民之間的相遇創(chuàng)造新的和更豐富的的可能性。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇將住宅單元?jiǎng)澐譃閮蓚€(gè)獨(dú)立的體量，這一決定受到“vecindad”的靈感啟發(fā)。“vecindad”可追溯到20 世紀(jì)初，是墨西哥一種常見的工人階級(jí)住房類型，家庭住宅位于戶外私人走廊式露臺(tái)的一側(cè)或兩側(cè)。這些露臺(tái)在熙攘的街道和家庭住宅之間作為過渡空間，并進(jìn)一步充當(dāng)著居民的聚集地。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)并沒有依靠陽臺(tái)來為居民提供私人外部空間，取而代之地選擇將住宅單元向內(nèi)折疊，以形成一系列安靜的半遮蔽露臺(tái)，以更加模糊的方式協(xié)調(diào)室內(nèi)外空間。

由此產(chǎn)生的單元集合體不再是普通意義上的公寓，還可以理解為多層“露臺(tái)住宅”，它們彼此交織，以確保最佳的自然采光和私密性。因此，雖然在內(nèi)部每間住宅都與相鄰住宅區(qū)分隔，但建筑外部并非按部就班地反映內(nèi)部情況，而是通過預(yù)制混凝土砌塊建造的起伏的外立面將整個(gè)項(xiàng)目整合在一起。當(dāng)光影在混凝土表皮上游移時(shí)將泛起波光漣漪，產(chǎn)生令人眩目的效果。□（徐紫儀 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: Mexico City, Mexico

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Frida Escobedo

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Héctor Arce, Carlos Hernández,Valentina Merz. Javier Rocamonde, Antonio Zarco

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: Carunti Ingenieria

施工/Construction: Ardantz

材料及結(jié)構(gòu)/Material and Structure: 由Frida Escobedo 設(shè)計(jì)、Joben集團(tuán)制造的混凝土屏和墻體+混凝土砌塊/Concrete veils and walls + Concrete blocks, designed by Frida Escobedo and produced by Grupo Joben

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2405m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2016.06-2017.05

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2017.05-2018.11

繪圖/Drawings: Frida Escobedo

攝影/Photos: Rafael Gamo

From the outset, the design was informed by a desire to challenge the organisational limitations of the typical vertical housing block. The objective was to expand, to blur, to make more dynamic the realm between public and private, interior and exterior,thereby creating new and more diverse possibilities for encounter between residents.

We opted to divide the dwelling units between two separate volumes, a decision inspired by the"vecindad", a common working-class housing type in Mexico dating to the turn of the 20th century, in which family dwellings are arranged to be decorated with an open-air, private corridor-like patio on one or both sides. These patios serve as a transitional space between the bustling street and the family home, and further function as gathering places for residents.

Rather than relying on balconies to provide private exterior space for the residents, we instead opted to fold the housing units inward to form a series of quiet, sheltered terraces that mediate the interior and exterior in a more ambiguous way.

The resulting units can perhaps be better understood not merely as apartments, but as multistorey "patio houses", which are intertwined, a compositional exercise intended to ensure the best natural lighting and privacy. Each dwelling is therefore distinct from the next, but rather than articulate this condition on the exterior, the entire project is united by a fa?ade of undulating, customfabricated concrete blocks. Light and shadow ripple as they move across the surface of this concrete veil,producing dazzling effects throughout the day. □

2 外景/Exterior view

3 首層平面/Ground floor plan

4 二層平面/First floor plan

7 露臺(tái)平面/Terraces plan

5 三層平面/Second floor plan

8 剖面/Section

6 四層平面/Third floor plan

9.10 剖面/Sections

11 鳥瞰/Aerial view

12 夜景/Night view

評(píng)論

范路：在該住宅項(xiàng)目中，建筑體量被劃分為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的部分。這一做法受20世紀(jì)早期在墨西哥常見的“vecindad”住房類型的啟發(fā)。但此處卻做了空間形式上的反轉(zhuǎn)式應(yīng)用。在傳統(tǒng)的“vecindad”中，住宅沿走廊式露臺(tái)排布，外部露臺(tái)是街道和家庭住宅之間的過渡，也是重要的公共交往空間。而在此項(xiàng)目中，住宅單元向內(nèi)折疊，露臺(tái)空間也變得更安靜、更私密。因此，兩個(gè)體塊間街巷空間的輪廓變得十分平整，而掩蓋內(nèi)部不同功能的一致性砌塊飾面處理，讓外部空間更具紀(jì)念性，卻少了日常生活的煙火氣息。

路璐：這是一個(gè)開發(fā)商投放市場(chǎng)的高級(jí)住宅項(xiàng)目，共九戶，一戶為越4層戶型，8戶為越兩層戶型（建筑面積121.62m2戶型售價(jià)180萬人民幣）。兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的體量均有堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻體包裹，“鬧中取靜”，它們之間被抬高的“街道”巧妙地避讓了兩側(cè)的視線。9戶均有“街道”上的獨(dú)立入口，上層的4戶由3部獨(dú)立的室外樓梯進(jìn)入。與20世紀(jì)初墨西哥工人階級(jí)住區(qū)類型“vecindad”的共生和共榮相對(duì)，這里只有21世紀(jì)墨西哥富裕階級(jí)住區(qū)的隔離和疏離。

Comments

FAN Lu: In the residential project of Mar Tirreno 86, the building volume is divided into two separate parts. This arrangement is inspired by the "vecindad",a common working-class housing type in Mexico in early 20th century, but it is used here in an inversive way. In traditional "vecindad", family dwellings arranged along open-air, private corridor-like patios which serve as transitional space between the bustling street and family home, and further function as gathering places for residents. While in this project, the housing units are folded inward to form a series of quiet, sheltered terraces. Then the surface of the alley space between two volumes becomes quite smooth and is cladded with concrete blocks in a uniform way, which endows the external public space with a kind of monumentality and deprives it of some lively everydayness.

LU Lu: This is a high-grade housing project put into market by real estate developer, which consists of nine households: one as a four-floor unit and the other eight as two-floor units (in a floor area of 121.62 m2and at a price of 1.8 million RMB). Separated from each other, the two parts both are covered by solid wall and acquire quietness in a noisy neighborhood. The elevated "street"between the two parts skillfully avoids sight lines from both sides. All nine households are equipped with independent entrances toward the "street,"and the four households at upper level are connected with the street via three independent outdoor stairs. In contrast to the co-existence and common prosperity advocated by "vecindad" that is a residential area type for the working class of Mexico in the early 20th century, here is one separated and isolated residential area for the well-off class of Mexico in the 21st century.(Translated by QIAN Fang)

13 局部/Detailed view

14 外景/Exterior view