2014－2018年上海市某街道水痘流行特征分析

孫明方

摘 要 目的：分析2014-2018年上海彭浦新村街道水痘的流行特征，為制定水痘防控措施提供依據。方法：收集來自中國疾病預防控制信息系統2014-2018年上海彭浦新村街道水痘疫情及突發公共衛生事件信息，分析水痘流行病學特征。結果：2014-2018年上海彭浦新村街道共報告水痘病例2 658例，年均發病率為363.84/10萬。2015年的發病率最低（91.71/10萬），2018年的發病率最高（625.56/10萬）。每年的發病高峰出現在5-6月及10-12月。病例集中在3～5歲和6～10歲年齡組，以幼托兒童和小學生為主要發病人群。男性和女性病例數之比為1.13∶1；30歲以下人群的病例數占87.81%。79.61%的病例是由三級醫療機構就診并報告。結論：目前水痘已逐漸成為危害兒童健康的主要傳染病之一，應加強宣傳，提高水痘疫苗接種率。

關鍵詞 水痘；社區；流行特征

中圖分類號：R511.5 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1006-1533（2019）22-0039-03

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in a community of Shanghai from 2014 to 2018

SUN Mingfang

（Vaccination Section of Pengpuxincun Community Health Service Center of Jingan District， Shanghai 200435， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Pengpuxincun Community， Shanghai from 2014 to 2018 for providing the basis for formulating the prevention and control measures of chickenpox. Methods： Information of chickenpox epidemic and public health emergencies in Pengpuxincun Community， Shanghai from 2014 to 2018 was collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox. Results： A total of 2 658 cases of chickenpox were reported in Pengpuxincun Community from 2014 to 2018， and the average annual incidence rate was 363.84/100 000. The incidence rate was the lowest in 2015（91.71/100 000）， and the highest incidence rate in 2018（625.56/100 000）. The annual peak incidence occurred in May-June and October-December. The cases were concentrated in the age groups of 3-5 years and 6-10 years， and children and primary school students were the main affected population. The ratio of male to female cases was 1.13：1； the number of cases in population under 30 years old accounted for 87.81%. 79.61% of the cases were treated and reported by tertiary medical institutions. Conclusion： At present， chickenpox has gradually become one of the main infectious diseases that endanger childrens health. It is necessary to strengthen publicity and increase the vaccination rate of chickenpox.

KEY WORDS chickenpox； community； epidemic characteristics

水痘是一種由水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒所引起的原發性感染疾病，多見于兒童。臨床特征是同時出現的全身性丘疹、水皰及結痂[1]。水痘傳染性極強，容易引起暴發，是幼托機構、學校等集體單位兒童常見的傳染病之一，也是突發公共衛生事件的主要原因之一[2-3]。本文旨在了解上海彭浦新村街道的水痘流行特征，為制定相應防控措施和免疫策略提供參考依據。

1 資料與方法

1.1 資料來源

水痘發病報告的資料來源于中國疾病預防控制信息系統中“傳染病報告信息管理系統”。人口資料來源于上海彭浦新村街道派出所。

1.2 統計學方法

運用 Excel 軟件對資料進行數據整理與分析。