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《勞氏海難救助協議標準格式(2011版)》評述

2020-01-04 07:07:43王曉怡
中國海商法研究 2020年4期

王曉怡

摘要:海難救助是海商法中特有的法律制度,自19世紀末以來,以“無效果,無報酬”原則為基礎的合同救助是其主要形式。在各種救助合同格式中,目前使用最廣泛的是英國勞合社發(fā)布的《勞氏海難救助協議標準格式》,該格式協議經過多次修訂,形式上更趨完備,內容上也更加適應不斷變化的海難救助實踐需要。針對該格式最新變化以及選擇并入其中的《船東互保協會特別補償條款》進行評述,分析救助方與被救助方的主要義務、特別補償的獲得、協議的終止和履行等主要條款內容,建議吸收和借鑒其先進之處,以期修訂和完善《中國海事仲裁委員會(1994)救助合同標準格式》,增強其在救助實踐中的適用性。

關鍵詞:海難救助;救助公約;特別補償

中圖分類號:D996.19? 文獻標志碼:A

文章編號:2096-028X(2020)04-0090-14

A review of Lloyds Standard Form of Salvage Agreement (2011)

—concurrently comments on revision of

China Maritime Arbitration

Commission Standard Form of Salvage Agreement (1994)

WANG Xiao-yi

(School of Law,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

Abstract:Salvage at sea is a particular legal system in maritime law, since the end of the 19th century, contractual salvage based on the principle “no cure, no pay” is its main form. Among various standard form of contract, Lloyds Standard Form of Salvage Agreement (LOF), approved and published by the Council of Lloyds, is most widely used at present, which has been revised several times to become more adaptable to the practical needs. This paper, by translating the latest adition of LOF as well as the Special Compensation of Protection and Indemnity Clause (SCOPIC) chosen to be incorporated therein, comments on the main provisions of LOF regarding the parties obligation, special compensation, rights of termination, etc., then gives the suggestion to absorb and learn from its merits,hoping to amend and perfect the Standard Form of Salvage Contract of China Maritime Arbitration Commission

([STBX]1994, thus enhancing its applicability in salvage practice.

Key words:salvage at sea;salvage convention;special compensation

一、《勞氏海難救助協議標準格式》的由來及發(fā)展

《勞氏海難救助協議標準格式》(Lloyds Standard Form of Salvage Agreement,簡稱LOF)是英國勞氏委員會于1908年發(fā)布,用于締結海難救助合同的協議范本,至今已有逾百年歷史。LOF自發(fā)布以來,經過多次修訂,但“無效果,無報酬”(no cure,no pay)始終都作為LOF下海難救助報酬給付的基本原則,該原則也為《1910年統一海上救助若干法律規(guī)則的國際公約》所吸納,并延續(xù)至《1989年國際救助公約》(簡稱《89年救助公約》)。

20世紀70年代,發(fā)生了多起重大的海上油輪污染事故,比較有代表性的有Torrey Canyon輪①、Amoco Cadiz輪②和Cristos Bitas輪③溢油污染事故。這類事故的救援難度極大,盡管救助方竭盡全力,卻最終因無財產獲救而無法獲得救助報酬,或是根據獲救財產價值計算的應得救助報酬不足以彌補救助方所投入的救助成本,這無疑會打擊其在救助海上財產的同時勇于負擔海洋救助責任的積極性。顯然,堅守“無效果,無報酬”原則已經無法適應20世紀的海上生態(tài)環(huán)境保護需要。為此,勞氏委員會對LOF進行了一次重要修訂,形成LOF1980版本。在有關油輪救助的報酬問題上,LOF1980突破了“無效果,無報酬”原則,創(chuàng)設了“安全網”(safety net)條款,首次把油輪對環(huán)境造成的污染與船舶、貨物和有風險的運費一并列為施救對象,只要救助人在救助遇險油輪時沒有過失,并為防止或減輕油污染損害付出了努力,即使救助作業(yè)沒有取得成效,或只有部分成效,仍可請求油輪船東支付一筆補償,數額相當于因進行救助作業(yè)而合理投入的成本再加上不超過15%增額。

《89年救助公約》認可并接納了LOF1980的這一突破,在以“無效果,無報酬”為原則的第13條“救助報酬確定標準”(criteria for fixing the reward)條款基礎上,增設了第14條“特別補償”(special compensation)條款,并對只適用于油輪救助的LOF1980“安全網”條款進行了批判繼承和發(fā)展,將救助對象從油輪擴大至對環(huán)境構成污染危險的任何船舶或船上貨物。

在公約出臺之后,LOF又進行了一次修訂,形成了LOF1990版本。

在《89年救助公約》尚未達到生效條件之前,LOF1990即將其部分重要條款直接并入進來,使得“安全網”條款也能夠擴大適用至所有類型的船舶。隨著1995年1月1日英國《商船(救助與防污)法》的生效,英國政府正式批準了《89年救助公約》。由于LOF1990只并入了公約的部分條款,為了適應國際救助法律制度的變化,勞氏委員會相應修訂LOF1990,隨即推出LOF1995版本,將公約的全部內容納入其中。但總體上,這兩個版本在條款、措辭方面比較接近。

事實上,自第一版LOF出臺以來,雖幾經修訂,但條款形式和措辭表達上都沒有太大的變化,復雜的表述方式生澀難懂,一直以來遭人詬病。為此,勞氏委員會以格式規(guī)范、文字精煉、措辭明確為原則,著手升級LOF1995,推出了LOF2000版本。這一版LOF不僅格式新穎、形式簡單,內容上也發(fā)生了一些實質性的變化,最值得關注的是將1999年8月生效的船東互保協會特別補償條款(簡稱SCOPIC)以附件的形式并入其中。SCOPIC條款是救助方、船舶所有人、財產保險人和船東互保協會各方談判和妥協的產物,目的是建立一個不同于《89年救助公約》特別補償制度的簡化支付機制,救助方無需證明被救助船舶是否對環(huán)境構成實質污染威脅,只要在LOF中選擇援用該條款,就能保障救助方迅速獲得根據該條款所計算的特別補償。

目前,LOF的最新版本是LOF2011版④,其中并入的SCOPIC條款為2007年版本。新版本LOF沿襲了第一版所確立的救助報酬給付基本原則——“無效果,無報酬”(no cure,no pay),醒目地將其置于文本首頁提請訂約各當事方注意。從內容上看,LOF2011共分為三個部分。第一部分將海難救助法律關系中的當事方及其代表人、被救財產、訂約時間、訂約地點、獲救財產的后續(xù)安置地點等基本信息,以簡明的表格形式提供給各方填寫。第二部分共列出十二條海難救助當事方權利和義務的核心條款。第三部分則是與協議履行相關的四個補充說明事項。

二、LOF2011主要內容簡評

(一)救助方盡最大努力施救義務

LOF2011第二部分A款約定了救助方應盡最大努力進行救助的基本義務。在救助作業(yè)結束后,救助方還應當及時將獲救財產送至協議中指定的或事后商定的安全地點,履行這一義務是評定救助作業(yè)是否取得成效(cure)的關鍵因素之一。在該款中,對救助方履行義務的程度要求是“盡最大努力”(use their best endeavours),同時在B款中,也要求救助方要盡“最大努力”防止或減輕環(huán)境污染,可見LOF對救助方施救行為主觀能動性的發(fā)揮有著較高的要求,但這種表述也帶有很大的不確定性和彈性。

由于在J款中明確了LOF2011的準據法為英國法律,且爭議解決方式為倫敦仲裁,因此在實踐中若圍繞救助方是否已盡“最大努力”而產生爭議時,應由仲裁員根據英國法律和判例,結合實際案情以及雙方的舉證情況自由裁量。如若判定救助方未盡“最大努力”救助財產和防止、減輕環(huán)境污染,會對救助方產生什么不利后果,這點并未在LOF2011中予以明確,應由仲裁員根據實際情況進行裁決,可以相應降低救助報酬的數額,以平衡救助方與被救助方之間的關系。

(二)特別補償的獲得

B款要求救助方應盡最大努力防止或減輕海洋環(huán)境污染,雖未直接約定救助方在成功防止或減輕環(huán)境污染后能夠獲得額外的報酬,但根據并入英國法的《89年救助公約》第14條之規(guī)定,救助方在防止或減輕環(huán)境污染方面的投入能夠獲得救助報酬之外的特別補償。如果救助方與被救助方協議選擇援用C款中的SCOPIC條款,救助方能夠獲得該條款所約定計算方式下的特別補償。

SCOPIC酬金的計算方式與公約特別補償的計算截然不同,其支付條件的設置也解決了后者在實際適用中暴露出來的一些問題。根據《89年救助公約》第14條之規(guī)定,只有當船舶或船上貨物對海洋環(huán)境構成實質損害威脅時所開展的救助作業(yè),才能請求特別補償。SCOPIC條款則取消了這一限制條件,以避免對是否存在海洋環(huán)境實質污染危險產生爭議而貽誤最佳救援時機。在SCOPIC機制下,特別補償的計算從救助方援用SCOPIC條款的通知到達船舶所有人處時起算,至救助作業(yè)結束時或救助方撤銷援用SCOPIC條款時為止,這也彌補了《89年救助公約》第14條并未規(guī)定特別補償計算起止時間的不足。在構成上,SCOPIC酬金分為三個部分:(1)救助方合理使用船舶、人員、設備所產生的費用,按SCOPIC條款附錄中列出的費率標準分別計算;(2)救助方為完成救助作業(yè)實際支付給第三方的合理費用,按救助方實付金額計算,需要救助方提供第三方出具的收費發(fā)票或其他正式憑證予以確認后計入;(3)救助方應得的獎勵,這部分并不要求救助要有實際成效,直接按前兩項費用總和的25%計算。這三部分加總計算出來的僅僅是名義上的特別補償數額,還要將其與救助方根據公約第13條所能夠獲得的救助報酬進行比較。當救助報酬數額小于名義上的SCOPIC酬金數額時,船舶所有人僅需向救助方支付二者的差額部分;當救助報酬高于名義上的SCOPIC酬金數額時,則無需支付SCOPIC酬金,還要從救助報酬中扣減二者差額的25%,這也提醒了救助方援用SCOPIC條款有風險,只有在救助難度較大,救助方不確信能否成功救助,或救助財產價值過低,使得救助報酬降低,不足以彌補救助成本時,援用SCOPIC條款才能更好地保障救助方的權益。但總體而言,SCOPIC酬金的計算避開了《89年救助公約》第14條對救助方投入的成本應當“公平、合理”的繁瑣評估,并用25%的固定獎勵取代

第14條所規(guī)定的缺乏明確界限且完全依賴裁判者自由裁量的增幅獎勵,簡單明了,便于操作。

需要注意的是,根據LOF2011D款,無論是依據《89年救助公約》,還是根據SCOPIC條款來計算特別補償,救助報酬的獲得仍然是以“無效果,無報酬”作為首要原則,在評定救助方所能獲得的救助報酬數額時,不受特別補償制度或SCOPIC條款的影響,不能以救助方能夠獲得特別補償為由而削減救助報酬的評定數額。另外,根據LOF2011E款,一旦救助方與被救助方選定以LOF2011簽訂救助協議,在協議簽訂之前或簽訂之時所提供的任何救助服務都受LOF2011的約束,也就意味著特別補償要從救助行為開始時計算,而不以協議簽訂時間為準。

(三)被救助方的主要義務

在海難救助中,救援工作的指揮權通常掌握在救助方手中。盡管如此,被救助方仍然負有與救助方通力合作的義務。

根據LOF2011F款,在對船上的機器、裝置和設備不會造成損害的前提下,被救助方應當主動配合救助方,為后者合理使用這些機器設備以及獲取與救助作業(yè)相關的信息提供便利。當遇難船上的貨物具有危險性或其他特性時,這種合作顯得尤為必要,此時要求被救助方不僅要在現場協作救援,還要根據船上的危險品貨物的特性提供必要的救援方案、數據和相關重要信息。

在救助作業(yè)結束后,被救助方仍負有義務配合救助方作好獲救財產的交接工作。

(四)協議的終止和履行

根據LOF2011G款,當對救助成效不再抱有任何合理期待時,無論是被救助方還是救助方都有權在合理期限內,提前書面通知相對方終止救助協議。

LOF2011對協議終止的條件較為寬松,由各方當事人對情勢進行綜合判斷和評估,在充分協商的基礎下,作出是否終止協議的決定。這也充分體現了海難救助的“自愿”原則——當任何一方無意于救助作業(yè)的繼續(xù),都有權終止協議的履行。

根據LOF2011H款,當財產被安全地移送至第三欄中載明的安全地點或條款A中所約定或指定的安全地點時,救助方的救助作業(yè)視為完成,協議履行完畢。

(五)船長的代理權

根據LOF2011K款,船長有權代船舶所有人簽訂救助協議。傳統英美法下,在通訊不發(fā)達的年代,船長在訂約時被視為是“緊急處分代理人”(agent of necessity)。遇險船船長以緊急處分代理人身份簽訂的救助協議對遇險船的船舶所有人和船上的貨主均有約束力。這點在《89年救助公約》的第6條中也有明確規(guī)定,該條賦予船長較為廣泛的訂約權。然而,需要注意的是,盡管公約賦予船長具有代船上貨物所有人訂立救助協議的權利,但在英國的一些判例中,法庭認為,貨主是否要受遇險船船長所簽訂的救助協議的約束,關鍵在于“緊急處分代理”關系是否真實存在①。而早前的Pa Mar 461案確立了“緊急處分代理”的構成要件:(1)確有必要請求救助(it was necessary to take salvage assistance);(2)遇險船船長無法同船上貨物的貨主聯系,以取得其指示(it was not reasonably practical to communicate with the cargo owners or to obtain their instructions);(3)遇險船船長或其船東應出于維護貨方利益的善意行事(the Master or shipowners acted bona fide in the interests of the cargo);(4)由遇險船船長或其船東來簽訂救助合同,在當時情況下是合情合理的(it was reasonable for the Master or shipowner to enter into the particular contract)。[1]在相應舉證責任上,如果船上貨物所有人對船長代其簽訂救助協議有異議時,應由救助方舉證證明滿足了前述要件后,遇險船船長所簽訂的救助協議才對船上的貨主產生約束力。因此,在實踐中,如果時間允許,船方最好通知船上的貨物所有人救助協議的簽訂事宜,協同貨物所有人以及其他財產所有人的代表共同在LOF2011表格第九欄上簽名,以避免后續(xù)不必要的爭議。

上文概括評述了LOF2011的主要內容,完整條款見附于文后的LOF2011以及選擇并入其中的SCOPIC2007。

自1908年問世以來,LOF經歷了長達一個多世紀的海難救助實踐的檢驗,因時而變、因勢而改,構建了一個對各航運利益方較為公平合理的框架協議,很好地平衡了船東、貨主、救助人、保險人和保賠協會在海難救助事件中的利益,備受國際救助聯盟和國際保賠協會集團的推崇。其中,LOF1980在一定程度上打破了近百年來確立的“無效果,無報酬”首要原則的約束,從商業(yè)化的運作模式上為鼓勵海洋環(huán)境救助開辟了新的天地,進而深刻影響了國際海難救助法律制度,為以特別補償為創(chuàng)新條款的《89年救助公約》的出臺推波助瀾。而在《89年救助公約》出臺后,LOF為與公約內容無縫對接,鞏固其在國際海難救助協議訂立上的基石作用,也幾經修訂,與公約相輔相成,相互影響。

時至今日,施行了近20年的《89年救助公約》逐漸顯露出了不合時宜之處,特別是第14條對救助成本是否“公平、合理”的認定在實際適用中帶有很大的不確定性,使得該特別補償條款規(guī)定欠缺可操作性,不利于當前航運環(huán)境下對環(huán)境救助的鼓勵。對此,國際海事委員會已經在國際救助聯盟的建議下成立專家小組,啟動了對《89年救助公約》的修訂工作,重點研究環(huán)境救助的報酬支付以及如何平衡海難救助相關當事方利益等核心問題,可以肯定的是,公約的修訂趨勢必將促進LOF進一步優(yōu)化升級,并為其提供機遇和條件。

三、對中國救助合同標準格式的修訂建議

回到中國的海難救助法律研究,較之其他海商法領域的研究相對落后,在《89年救助公約》出臺后,為與公約和國際慣例接軌,《中國海事仲裁委員會(1994)救助合同標準格式》(簡稱《北京格式》)發(fā)布。該格式發(fā)端于20世紀60年代,僅在1994年進行過一次修訂,雖然中國海事仲裁委員會已著手修訂《北京格式》,但對比LOF滌故更新的靈活修訂機制,《北京格式》顯得有些因循守舊。建議借鑒LOF2011,緊跟國際救助法律的發(fā)展步伐,同時也應考慮中國的國情、法律環(huán)境、救撈行業(yè)的現狀,以及各利益關聯方的心聲,使其契合新時代海洋環(huán)境保護背景下海難救助的實際需要,也為當前《中華人民共和國海商法》(簡稱《海商法》)第九章的修訂提供實踐基礎和問題導向思維。筆者在此就《北京格式》的修訂提出幾點建議。

首先,在《北京格式》中,有關救助當事方信息填寫項目欄的設計不如LOF2011中的表格形式直觀和清晰,不利于救助信息集中明確的體現和協議的快速訂立。不妨借鑒LOF2011的表格形式,將合同主體和有關救助事宜的基本信息,如被救財產、安全地點等匯總起來供各方填寫,避免繁瑣的文字表述,使《北京格式》的外在形式更為精煉、一目了然。

其次,《北京格式》第2條、第3條、第4條的實質內容分別為被救助方義務、救助方義務和雙方共同遵守的義務,這種規(guī)定模式尚為合理,但形式和表述上宜更加完備、明確和層次感分明。建議可參考LOF2011,用小標題概括條款主旨,再分點羅列具體的義務要求,整合如下:

“第2條 被救助方的義務

1.被救助方應與救助方通力合作,以獲得準許進入安全地點,當獲救的船舶或其他財產已被送到安全地點時,被救助方應當及時接受救助方提出的合理的移交要求;如未及時接受,被救助方應當對非屬救助方過失造成的后果負責。

2.被救助方應當將船上的機器、裝置、設備、錨、錨鏈、物料和其他屬具免費提供給救助方在合理限度內使用,并按照救助方的要求提供與救助作業(yè)有關的船舶或其他財產的信息。

3.被救助方在救助作業(yè)過程中,應以應有的謹慎防止或減少環(huán)境污染損害。

第3條 救助方的義務

1.救助方應以應有的謹慎實施救助,并在合理需要的情況下,尋求其他救助方援助。

2.被救助方或船長合理要求其他救助方參與救助作業(yè)時,救助方應當接受此種要求,但要求不合理的,原救助方的救助報酬金額不受影響。

3.救助方在救助作業(yè)過程中,應以應有的謹慎防止或減少環(huán)境污染損害。”

再次,《北京格式》第5條至第10條以及第14條的內容分別對應的是《海商法》第179條、第185條、第180條、第187條、第182條、第188條以及第184條的規(guī)定,有些甚至是法條原文的復制。由于《北京格式》第16條明確約定了合同的準據法為中國法律,沒有必要再將《海商法》的規(guī)定重復體現在合同條款中,特別是第9條關于特別補償的支付,完全照搬了《海商法》第182條的規(guī)定,該規(guī)定又與《89年救助公約》第14條的規(guī)定相同,因此《89年救助公約》特別補償制度的不足之處仍然存在于《北京格式》的特別補償計算中,在實際適用時容易引發(fā)爭議。

遺憾的是,交通運輸部2020年1月提交給司法部的《中華人民共和國海商法(修改送審稿)》,對《海商法》原第182條關于特別補償的規(guī)定并未作出改動,這無疑會給中國海難救助實踐中特別補償的計算繼續(xù)帶來不確定性。對此,借鑒SCOPIC2007中的合理部分不失為一條捷徑,也有利于與國際救助制度的接軌。筆者建議,可將《北京格式》原第9條內容修改如下:

“第9條 特別補償

1.對構成環(huán)境污染損害危險的船舶或船上貨物進行救助時,救助方有權獲得依據本合同所適用法律計算的特別補償,也可以選擇按照本條第2款所特別約定的方式計算并獲得特別補償。

2.本款所指的特別補償,是指按費率計算出的人工費、拖輪和其他船艇費、便攜式救助設備費,以及實際支出費用和應得獎勵的總和。其中:

(1)‘費率可以由救助方與被救助方協商或選定第三方評估主體確定,也可以參考國際上通行格式條款中的費率標準。

(2)‘實際支出費用是指已經由救助方或代表救助方合理支付給第三方的費用,包括雇傭人力、拖輪、其他船艇和設備的租金,以及救助作業(yè)所必需的其他合理費用。該費用按實際支付金額計入特別補償。

(3)應得獎勵為前述兩項費用加總的25%①。

3.第2款所指的特別補償,從救助方選擇該計算方式的書面通知到達被救助方時起算,至救助作業(yè)結束時終止計算。

4.本條所指特別補償,只有在超過救助方依據本合同適用的法律所能夠獲得的救助報酬時,方可實際支付,支付數額為其超過救助報酬的差額部分。”

另外,《北京格式》第11條就特別補償的支付提供擔保的約定過于籠統,在實踐中的操作性不強,對此也可借鑒LOF2011及SCOPIC2007中有關擔保方面的約定,結合中國國情,從擔保的程序、主體、方式和擔保數額幾個方面進行約定,并以附件的形式列于主條款之后,這樣可以避免主條款的冗長繁雜,也有利于雙方當事人靈活商定擔保方案。

此外,在SCOPIC機制下,各方當事人可以各自指定一名技術人員作為“特別事故代表”參與到救助事宜中,負責監(jiān)督救助作業(yè)并向其委托方匯報救助作業(yè)的進展。這對于被救助方而言意義重大,因為在SCOPIC條款下,特別補償自援用通知到達被救助方時開始一直計算至整個救助作業(yè)結束時為止,如果救助方故意拖延救助作業(yè),將導致特別補償的數額畸高,損害被救助方的利益。因此,指派特別事故代表介入救助作業(yè)進行監(jiān)督,如若發(fā)現救助方確有無故拖延救助作業(yè)的行為,特別事故代表可以及時將此情況反饋給被救助方,被救助方有權終止SCOPIC條款的適用。同樣的,救助方指定的特別事故代表也會參與到救助事宜中,代表救助方的利益行事,如果發(fā)現為繼續(xù)履行對救助合同項下財產的救助義務的總成本將超過能夠獲救的財產價值,或超出救助方有權獲得的全部特別補償的,則救助方也有權向船舶所有人發(fā)出書面通知,以終止SCOIPC條款和主協議項下的救助服務。

《北京格式》可以效仿上述特別事故代表機制,直接將SCOPIC2007的相關內容并入進來。事實上,在中國已有將SCOPIC條款并入救助合同中的實踐。如在煙臺打撈局作為申請人與被申請人天津海運股份有限公司就“天利”輪救助報酬爭議的仲裁案中,仲裁庭認為,被申請人代表對申請人提出SCOPIC條款及其附件A須并入LOF2000救助合同的要求進行簽字予以認可,這表明雙方合意已經形成,屬于當事人的真實意思表示,SCOPIC條款及其附件A成為申請人與被申請人之間救助合同內容的一部分。[2]

歸納上述,《北京格式》的修訂應兼收并蓄,積極融合國際上較為成熟和完善的格式合同,為海難救助當事人提供靈活的條款樣式,使中國的海難救助格式合同為國際社會廣泛認可。

附:Lloyds Standard Form of Salvage Agreement(2011)中譯文及Special Compensationof P&I Clause (2007)中譯文

LLOYDS STANDARD FORM OF SALVAGE AGREEMENT

(Approved and Published by the Council of Lloyds)

勞氏救助協議標準格式

(經勞氏委員會批準發(fā)布)

A Contractors basic obligation: [WTBZ]The Contractors identified in Box 1 hereby agree to use their best endeavours to salve the property specified in Box 2 and to take the property to the place stated in Box 3 or to such other place as may hereafter be agreed. If no place is inserted in Box 3 and in the absence of any subsequent agreement as to the place where the property is to be taken the Contractors shall take the property to a place of safety.

救助方的基本義務:上表第一欄中載明的救助方盡其最大努力救助第二欄中載明的財產,并將它們送至第三欄中載明的地點或事后約定的安全地點。如果第三欄中沒有指定地點且事后也沒有約定財產可送往的地點,救助方應將財產送至任一安全地點。

B Environmental protection: [WTBZ]While performing the salvage services the Contractors shall also use their best endeavours to prevent or minimise damage to the environment.

環(huán)境保護:在提供救助服務時,救助方應盡最大努力防止或減輕環(huán)境污染損害。

[WTHZ]C Scopic Clause: [WTBZ]Unless the word “No” in Box 7 has been deleted this agreement shall be deemed to have been made on the basis that the Scopic Clause is not incorporated and forms no part of this agreement. If the word “No” is deleted in Box 7 this shall not of itself be construed as a notice invoking the Scopic Clause within the meaning of sub-clause 2 thereof.

船東互保協會特別補償條款:除非第7欄中的選項“否”被刪除,本協議應被視為是在船東互保協會特別補償條款未并入本協議且未構成成本協議的一部分的基礎上訂立的。即使第7欄中的選項“否”被刪除,該刪除亦不得被解釋為構成在船東互保協會特別補償條款第2條范圍內援用船東互保協會特別補償條款的通知。

D Effect of other remedies: [WTBZ]Subject to the provisions of the International Convention on Salvage 1989 as incorporated into English law (“the Convention”) relating to special compensation and to the Scopic Clause if incorporated the Contractors services shall all be rendered and accepted as salvage services upon the principle of “no cure-no pay” and any salvage remuneration to which the Contractors become entitled shall not be diminished by reason of the exception to the principle of “no cure-no pay” in the form of special compensation or remuneration payable to the Contractors under a Scopic Clause.

其他補償措施的影響:無論是根據英國法所并入的《1989年國際救助公約》(簡稱公約)中有關特別補償的規(guī)定,還是被并入協議中的船東互保協會特別補償條款,救助方所提供的、并為被救助方所接受的救助服務,都是建立在“無效果,無報酬”原則基礎之上。救助方有權獲得的任何救助報酬,不能因“無效果,無報酬”原則適用上的例外而被削減,這種例外表現為救助方所能獲得的特別補償或船東互保協會特別補償條款下的應得酬金。

E Prior services: [WTBZ]Any salvage services rendered by the Contractors to the property before and up to the date of this agreement shall be deemed to be covered by this agreement.

前期服務:救助方在協議簽訂之前或簽訂之時所提供的任何救助服務都視為包含于本協議范圍之內。

F Duties of property owners: [WTBZ]Each of the owners of the property shall cooperate fully with the Contractors. In particular:

(i) the Contractors may make reasonable use of the vessels machinery gear and equipment free of expense provided that the Contractors shall not unnecessarily damage abandon or sacrifice any property on board;

(ii) the Contractors shall be entitled to all such information as they may reasonably require relating to the vessel or the remainder of the property provided such information is relevant to the performance of the services and is capable of being provided without undue difficulty or delay;

(iii) the owners of the property shall co-operate fully with the Contractors in obtaining entry to the place of safety stated in Box 3 or agreed or determined in accordance with Clause A.

財產所有人的義務:任何財產所有人都應與救助方通力合作,特別表現為:

(1)救助方可以合理地免費使用船上的機器、裝置和設備,前提是不能使船上任何財產遭受不必要的毀損或犧牲;

(2)救助方有權獲得其合理需要的有關船舶或其他財產的信息,前提是該類信息與救助工作的開展相關,且獲取該類信息不會給救助作業(yè)造成不必要的障礙或導致救助的延遲;

(3)財產所有人應與救助方通力合作以獲得準許進入第三欄中所載明的安全地點,或條款A中所約定或指定的安全地點。

G Rights of termination: [WTBZ]When there is no longer any reasonable prospect of a useful result leading to a salvage reward in accordance with Convention Articles 12 and/or 13 either the owners of the vessel or the Contractors shall be entitled to terminate the services hereunder by giving reasonable prior written notice to the other.

協議終止權:當對基于公約第12條和/或第13條的規(guī)定能夠產生救助報酬的有效救助不再抱有任何合理期待時,無論是船舶所有人還是救助方都有權在合理期限內,提前書面通知相對一方終止救助協議。

H Deemed performance: [WTBZ]The Contractors services shall be deemed to have been performed when the property is in a safe condition in the place of safety stated in Box 3 or agreed or determined in accordance with clause A. For the purpose of this provision the property shall be regarded as being in safe condition notwithstanding that the property (or part thereof) is damaged or in need of maintenance if (i) the Contractors are not obliged to remain in attendance to satisfy the requirements of any port or habour authority, governmental agency or similar authority and (ii) the continuation of skilled salvage services from the Contractors or other salvors is no longer necessary to avoid the property becoming lost or significantly further damaged or delayed.

視為履行:當財產被安全地移送至第三欄中載明的安全地點或條款A中所約定或指定的安全地點時,救助方的救助作業(yè)視為完成。即使財產(或部分財產)損壞或需要維修,如果(1)港口當局、政府主管部門或類似機構沒有要求救助方繼續(xù)履行照管財產的責任,(2)且已經沒有必要繼續(xù)由救助方或其他救助者提供專業(yè)技術性服務以防止財產丟失或進一步毀損的,就本條規(guī)定而言,該財產仍被視為是處于安全狀態(tài)下。

I Arbitration and the LSSA Clauses: [WTBZ]The Contractors remuneration and/or special compensation shall be determined by arbitration in London in the manner prescribed by Lloyds Standard Salvage and Arbitration Clauses (“the LSSA Clauses”) and Lloyds Procedural Rules in force at the date of this agreement. The provisions of the said LSSA Clauses and Lloyds Procedural Rules are deemed to be incorporated in this agreement and form an integral part hereof. Any other difference arising out of this agreement or the operations hereunder shall be referred to arbitration in the same way.

仲裁和“勞合社標準救助和仲裁條款”:救助方的報酬和/或特別補償,應當根據本協議簽訂之時有效的“勞合社標準救助和仲裁條款”的規(guī)定(簡稱LSSA條款)和“勞合社程序規(guī)則”,在倫敦仲裁確定。前述LSSA條款和“勞合社程序規(guī)則”應視為并入本協議,構成本協議不可分割的組成部分。本協議項下或救助服務中所產生的任何其他爭議應以同樣的方式提交仲裁解決。

J Governing law: [WTBZ]This agreement and any arbitration hereunder shall be governed by English law.

準據法:本協議及其項下的任何仲裁事宜應適用英國法律。

K Scope of authority: [WTBZ]The Master or other person signing this agreement on behalf of the property identified in Box 2 enters into this agreement as agent for the respective owners thereof and binds each (but not the one for the other or himself personally) to the due performance thereof.

授權范圍:船長或其他代表第2欄中載明之財產的所有人簽署本合同的人,系作為各財產所有人的代理訂立本協議,其簽署行為對其所代表的各財產所有人均有約束力(而并不約束其他人或本人)。

L Inducements prohibited: [WTBZ]No person signing this agreement or any party on whose behalf it is signed shall at any time or in any manner whatsoever offer provide make give or promise to provide or demand or take any form of inducement for entering into this agreement.

禁止誘導:任何簽署本協議的人或任何以其名義簽署本協議的人都不應在任何時候,以任何方式提供、作出、給予或承諾提供、要求、接受任何形式的誘導從而訂立本協議。

IMPORTANT NOTICES

重要注意事項:

1 Salvage security. [WTBZ]As soon as possible the owners of the vessel should notify the owners of other property on board that this agreement has been made. If the Contractors are successful the owners of such property should note that it will become necessary to provide the Contractors with salvage security promptly in accordance with Clause 4 of the LSSA Clauses referred to in Clause I. The provision of General Average security does not relieve the salved interests of their separate obligation to provide salvage security to the Contractors.

救助擔保。船舶所有人應盡快將訂立本協議的事宜通知船上其他財產的所有人。一旦救助成功,獲救財產的所有人應注意必須根據本協議第I條中所指LSSA條款第4條的規(guī)定,立即向救助方提供海難救助擔保。獲救財產利益方提供的共同海損擔保并不能解除其向救助方提供海難救助擔保的義務。

2 Incorporated provisions. [WTBZ]Copies of the applicable Scopic Clause, the LSSA Clauses and Lloyds Procedural Rules in force at the date of this agreement may be obtained from (i) the Contractors or (ii) the Salvage Arbitration Branch at Lloyds, One Lime Street, London EC3M 7HA.

并入條款。本協議簽訂之時適用的SCOPIC條款、LSSA條款和勞合社程序規(guī)則的文本可以從(1)救助方,或(2)勞合社救助仲裁分會(位于倫敦萊姆街1號,EC3M 7HA)獲得。

3 Awards. [WTBZ]The Council of Lloyds is entitled to make available the Award, Appeal Award and Reasons on www.lloydsagency.com (the website) subject to the conditions set out in Clause 12 of the LSSA Clauses.

裁決。勞氏委員會有權將仲裁裁決、上訴裁決及裁決理由發(fā)布于網站(www.lloydsagency.com),但要符合LSSA條款第12條所規(guī)定的條件。

4 Notification to Lloyds.The Contractors shall within 14 days of their engagement to render services under this agreement notify the Council of Lloyds of their engagement and forward the signed agreement or a true copy thereof to the Council as soon as possible. The Council will not charge for such notification.

向勞氏委員會發(fā)送通告。救助方應于提供本協議項下救助服務的14天之內,將相關救助作業(yè)情況通知勞氏委員會,并盡快將已簽署的救助協議或真實有效的副本發(fā)送給勞氏委員會,勞氏委員會對此不收取任何費用。

船東互保協會特別補償條款

1.General

This SCOPIC clause is supplementary to any Lloyds Form Salvage Agreement “No Cure-No Pay” (“Main Agreement”) which incorporates the provisions of Article 14 of the International Convention on Salvage 1989 (“Article 14”). The definitions in the Main Agreement are incorporated into this SCOPIC clause. If the SCOPIC clause is inconsistent with any provisions of the Main Agreement or inconsistent with the law applicable hereto, the SCOPIC clause, once invoked under sub-clause 2 hereof, shall override such other provisions to the extent necessary to give business efficacy to the agreement. Subject to the provisions of sub-clause 4 hereof, the method of assessing Special Compensation under Convention Article 14(1) to 14(4) inclusive shall be substituted by the method of assessment set out hereinafter. If this SCOPIC clause has been incorporated into the Main Agreement the Contractor may make no claim pursuant to Article 14 except in the circumstances described in sub-clause 4 hereof. For the purposes of liens and time limits the services hereunder will be treated in the same manner as salvage.

總則

本條款是并入了《1989年救助公約》第14條之規(guī)定的勞氏“無效果,無報酬”救助協議標準格式(主協議)的補充條款。主協議中各定義條款也被并入到本條款中。一旦本條款根據其第2款之約定被援用,則當其與主協議的任何條款或與適用的法律規(guī)定有不一致的地方,為確保協議的商業(yè)效力,本條款應優(yōu)先適用。除本條款第4條另有規(guī)定外,公約第14條(包含第1款至第4款)所規(guī)定的計算特別補償的方法應由下文列出的計算方法替代。如果本條款并入主協議,除該條款第4條所述情形之外,救助方不得依據公約第14條請求特別補償。在涉及留置權和訴訟時效方面的問題上,本條款下的各項服務將視同是救助行為。

2.Invoking the SCOPIC Clause

The Contractor shall have the option to invoke by written notice to the owners of the vessel the SCOPIC clause set out hereafter at any time of his choosing regardless of the circumstances and, in particular, regardless of whether or not there is a “threat of damage to the environment”. The assessment of SCOPIC remuneration shall commence from the time the written notice is given to the owners of the vessel and services rendered before the said written notice shall not be remunerated under this SCOPIC clause at all but in accordance with Convention Article 13 as incorporated into the Main Agreement (“Article 13”).

援用SCOPIC條款

救助方有權在其選擇的任何時間內書面通知船舶所有人援用SCOPIC條款,而無須考慮當時的情形,尤其無須考慮是否存在“對環(huán)境構成污染的威脅”。SCOPIC酬金自書面通知到達船舶所有人時起算。在上述書面通知到達船舶所有人之前所提供的服務,不得依據本條款計算特別補償,但可以根據并入主協議的公約第13條之規(guī)定獲得報酬。

3.Security for SCOPIC Remuneration

(i) The owners of the vessel shall provide to the Contractor within 2 working days (excluding Saturdays and Sundays and holidays usually observed at Lloyds) after receiving written notice from the contractor invoking the SCOPIC clause, a bank guarantee or P&I Club letter (hereinafter called “the Initial Security”) in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Contractor providing security for his claim for SCOPIC remuneration in the sum of US$3 million, inclusive of interest and costs.

(ii) If, at any time after the provision of the Initial Security the owners of the vessel reasonably assess the SCOPIC remuneration plus interest and costs due hereunder to be less than the security in place, the owners of the vessel shall be entitled to require the Contractor to reduce the security to a reasonable sum and the Contractor shall be obliged to do so once a reasonable sum has been agreed.

(iii) If at any time after the provision of the Initial Security the Contractor reasonably assesses the SCOPIC remuneration plus interest and costs due hereunder to be greater than the security in place, the Contractor shall be entitled to require the owners of the vessel to increase the security to a reasonable sum and the owners of the vessel shall be obliged to do so once a reasonable sum has been agreed.

(iv) In the absence of agreement, any dispute concerning the proposed Guarantor, the form of the security or the amount of any reduction or increase in the security in place shall be resolved by the Arbitrator.

SCOPIC酬金的擔保

(1)船舶所有人應在收到救助方選擇援用SCOPIC條款的書面通知后的兩個工作日內(星期六、星期日及勞合社通常認可的節(jié)假日除外),向救助方提供令其滿意的銀行保函或協會擔保(簡稱初步擔保),作為救助方SCOPIC酬金的擔保,金額總計300萬美元,包含利息和其他費用。

(2)在提供了初步擔保后的任何時間內,如果經船舶所有人合理計算,SCOPIC酬金加上利息和費用將少于已提供的擔保,船舶所有人有權要求救助方合理降低擔保金額。一旦商定了合理的數額,救助方就有義務按船舶所有人要求行事。

(3)在提供了初步擔保后的任何時間內,如果經救助方合理計算,SCOPIC酬金加上利息和費用將高于已提供的擔保,救助方有權要求船舶所有人合理增加擔保金額。一旦商定了合理的數額,船舶所有人就有義務按救助方的要求行事。

(4)如未能協商一致,任何與擔保人、擔保形式、擔保金額的增減有關的爭議應以仲裁的方式解決。

4.Withdrawal

If the owners of the vessel do not provide the Initial Security within the said 2 working days, the Contractor, at his option, and on giving notice to the owners of the vessel, shall be entitled to withdraw from all the provisions of the SCOPIC clause and revert to his rights under the Main Agreement including Article 14 which shall apply as if the SCOPIC clause had not existed. PROVIDED THAT this right of withdrawal may only be exercised if, at the time of giving the said notice of withdrawal the owners of the vessel have still not provided the Initial Security or any alternative security which the owners of the vessel and the Contractor may agree will be sufficient.

撤銷

如果船舶所有人在前述的兩個工作日內未能提交初步擔保,救助方可以選擇在通知船舶所有人后撤銷援用SCOPIC的所有條款,此時如同SCOPIC從未存在,公約第14條恢復適用,同時恢復救助方在并入了公約第14條的主協議下的各項權利。但要行使此項撤銷權,只能是在發(fā)出撤銷通知時,船舶所有人仍然沒有提供初步擔保或其他船舶所有人和救助方一致認可的充分擔保形式。

5.Tariff Rates

(i) SCOPIC remuneration shall mean the total of the tariff rates of personnel; tugs and other craft; portable salvage equipment; out of pocket expenses; and bonus due.

(ii) SCOPIC remuneration in respect of all personnel; tugs and other craft; and portable salvage equipment shall be assessed on a time and materials basis in accordance with the Tariff set out in Appendix “A”. This tariff will apply until reviewed and amended by the SCR Committee in accordance with Appendix B(1)(b). The tariff rates which will be used to calculate SCOPIC remuneration are those in force at the time the salvage services take place.

(iii) “Out of pocket” expenses shall mean all those monies reasonably paid by or for and on behalf of the Contractor to any third party and in particular includes the hire of men, tugs, other craft and equipment used and other expenses reasonably necessary for the operation. They will be agreed at cost, PROVIDED THAT: (a) If the expenses relate to the hire of men, tugs, other craft and equipment from another ISU member or their affiliate(s), the amount due will be calculated on the tariff rates set out in Appendix “A” regardless of the actual cost. (b) If men, tugs, other craft and equipment are hired from any party who is not an ISU member and the hire rate is greater than the tariff rates referred to in Appendix “A” the actual cost will be allowed in full, subject to the Special Casualty Representative (“SCR”) being satisfied that in the particular circumstances of the case, it was reasonable for the Contractor to hire such items at that cost. If an SCR is not appointed or if there is a dispute, then the Arbitrator shall decide whether the expense was reasonable in all in the circumstances. (c) Any out of pocket expense incurred during the course of the service in a currency other than US dollars shall for the purpose of the SCOPIC clause be converted to US dollars at the rate prevailing at the termination of the services.

(iv) In addition to the rates set out above and any out of pocket expenses, the Contractor shall be entitled to a standard bonus of 25% of those rates except that if the out of pocket expenses described in sub-paragraph 5(iii)(b) exceed the applicable tariff rates in Appendix “A” the Contractor shall be entitled to a bonus such that he shall receive in total

(a) The actual cost of such men, tugs, other craft and equipment plus 10% of the cost, or (b) The tariff rate for such men, tugs, other craft and equipment plus 25% of the tariff rate whichever is the greater.

費率

(1)SCOPIC酬金是指按費率計算出的人工費、拖輪和其他船艇費、便攜式救助設備費,以及實際支出費用和應得獎勵的總和。

(2)所有與SCOPIC酬金有關的人工費、拖輪和其他船艇費、便攜式救助設備費,應按附錄A所列的費率表,根據使用的時間和耗費的材料進行計算。該費率表將適用直至特別事故代表(SCR)委員會根據附錄B第1條b款對其進行審查和作出修訂。用于計算SCOPIC酬金的費率應是在救助服務進行時有效的費率。

(3)“實際支出”費用是指已由救助方或代表救助方合理支付給第三方的費用,具體而言,包括雇傭人力、拖輪、其他船艇和設備的租金,以及救助作業(yè)所必需的其他合理費用。該費用按實際支付金額計算,但:①如果該費用是與租用國際救助聯盟(ISU)成員或其附屬機構所有的人力、拖輪、其他船艇和設備有關的,則應付金額按附錄A列出的費率計算而不考慮實際花費的數額。②如果是從其他任何非屬于國際救助聯盟(ISU)的成員那里租用人力、拖輪、其他船艇和設備,且租金率高于附錄A所列出的費率,則實際花費允許全額計入,但以特別事故代表(SCR)在特定個案中認定救助方以那樣的費用租賃這些項目是合理的為前提。如果尚未任命特別事故代表(SCR)或存在爭議,由仲裁員裁決該實際花費在此種情形下是否合理。③在救助期間發(fā)生的任何實際支出費用如果是以美元以外的貨幣單位支付的,在SCOPIC條款下,應按救助結束時的匯率兌換成美元。

(4)除了上述所列費率計算的費用和實際支出的費用,救助方還有權獲得相當于這些費用總和的25%的標準獎勵,但如果第5條(3)款②項所述的實際支出費用超過了按附錄A中費率計算的費用,救助方有權獲得的獎勵,將使其獲取的總數額達到以下兩種情況中的較高者:①人力、拖輪、其他船艇或設備的實際支出費用外加這些費用的10%,或②按費率計算的人力、拖輪、其他船艇或設備費用總和外加這些費用的25%。

6.Article 13 Award

(i) The salvage services under the Main Agreement shall continue to be assessed in accordance with Article 13, even if the Contractor has invoked the SCOPIC clause. SCOPIC remuneration as assessed under sub-clause 5 above will be payable only by the owners of the vessel and only to the extent that it exceeds the total Article 13 Award (or, if none, any potential Article 13 Award) payable by all salved interests (including cargo, bunkers, lubricating oil and stores) before currency adjustment and before interest and costs even if the Article 13 Award or any part of it is not recovered.

(ii) In the event of the Article 13 Award or settlement being in a currency other than United States dollars it shall, for the purposes of the SCOPIC clause, be exchanged at the rate of exchange prevailing at the termination of the services under the Main Agreement.

(iii) The salvage Award under Article 13 shall not be diminished by reason of the exception to the principle of “No Cure-No Pay” in the form of SCOPIC remuneration.

公約第13條報酬

SCOPIC酬金的支付

(1)任何SCOPIC酬金的支付期限視實際情況而有所不同:

①如果不存在并入主協議的公約第13條意義上的救助報酬,除附錄B中第5條c款iv項另有規(guī)定,船舶所有人應在特別補償支付請求提出后的一個月內,支付無爭議的SCOPIC酬金。利息按美國基準利率再加1%,自救助服務結束時起計算至實際付款日為止。

②如果既存在公約第13條下的救助報酬請求權,又有SCOPIC酬金請求權,除附錄B中第5條c款iv項另有規(guī)定外,船舶所有人應在一個月內支付估算的SCOPIC酬金超出船貨雙方按公約第13條要求所提供的擔保部分的75%,剩余部分若無爭議,于公約第13條的報酬確定并到期應付時予以支付。利息按美國基準利率再加1%,自救助服務結束時起計算至實際付款日為止。

(2)如果最終確定的SCOPIC酬金被證明少于已實際支付金額的,救助方同意就船舶所有人超額支付的部分以其能夠接受的形式給予補償。

9.Termination

(i) The Contractor shall be entitled to terminate the services under the SCOPIC clause and the Main Agreement by written notice to owners of the vessel with a copy to the SCR (if any) and any Special Representative appointed if the total cost of his services to date and the services that will be needed to fulfil his obligations hereunder to the property (calculated by means of the tariff rate but before the bonus conferred by sub-clause 5(iii) hereof) will exceed the sum of:

(a) The value of the property capable of being salved; and

(b) All sums to which he will be entitled as SCOPIC remuneration

(ii) The owners of the vessel may at any time terminate the obligation to pay SCOPIC remuneration after the SCOPIC clause has been invoked under sub-clause 2 hereof provided that the Contractor shall be entitled to at least 5 clear days notice of such termination. In the event of such termination the assessment of SCOPIC remuneration shall take into account all monies due under the tariff rates set out in Appendix A hereof including time for demobilisation to the extent that such time did reasonably exceed the 5 days notice of termination.

(iii) The termination provisions contained in sub-clause 9(i) and 9(ii) above shall only apply if the Contractor is not restrained from demobilising his equipment by Government, Local or Port Authorities or any other officially recognised body having jurisdiction over the area where the services are being rendered.

終止

(1)如果救助方迄今為止所提供的服務,以及為繼續(xù)履行其在本合同項下對財產的救助義務的總成本[根據費率計算,并不包括本條款第5條(3)款規(guī)定的獎勵]將超過①能夠獲救的財產價值,及②其有權獲得的全部SCOPIC酬金,則救助方有權向船舶所有人發(fā)出書面通知并抄送特別事故代表(如果有的話)或其他指定的特別代表,以終止SCOIPC條款和主協議項下的救助服務。

(2)在SCOPIC條款依據其第2條之規(guī)定被援用后,船舶所有人可以隨時終止其支付SCOPIC酬金的義務,但應至少提前5個完整工作日通知救助方。此時,對 SCOPIC酬金評定應考慮按附錄A中列出的費率計算的所有應付款項,為遣散救助方所耗費的超出5天通知期限的合理時間,也應計算SCOPIC酬金。

(3)前述第9條(1)款和(2)款中有關終止條款的規(guī)定,僅在政府、地方、港口當局或其他官方承認的在提供救助服務的地區(qū)有管轄權的機構不限制救助方遣散救助設備時方可適用。

10.Duties of Contractor

The duties and liabilities of the Contractor shall remain the same as under the Main Agreement, namely to use his best endeavours to salve the vessel and property thereon and in so doing to prevent or minimise damage to the environment.

救助方的義務

救助方的義務和責任與主協議的規(guī)定一致,即應盡其最大努力救助船舶及船上的財產,以防止或減輕對環(huán)境的損害。

11.Article18 — 1989 Salvage Convention

The Contractor may be deprived of the whole or part of the payment due under the SCOPIC clause to the extent that the salvage operations thereunder have become necessary or more difficult or more prolonged or the salved fund has been reduced or extinguished because of fault or neglect on its part or if the Contractor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

《89年救助公約》第18條

如果救助方因自身的過失或疏忽而使救助作業(yè)變得更加必要、更為困難、更為持久,救助價值減少甚至喪失,或有欺詐以及其他不誠信的行為,救助方可能被剝奪SCOPIC條款下全部或部分的應得款項。

12.Special Casualty Representative(“SCR”)

Once this SCOPIC clause has been invoked in accordance with sub-clause 2 hereof the owners of the vessel may at their sole option appoint an SCR to attend the salvage operation in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in Appendix B. Any SCR so appointed shall not be called upon by any of the parties hereto to give evidence relating to non-salvage issues.

特別事故代表

一旦SCOPIC條款依據第2款之規(guī)定被援用,船舶所有人可以依照附錄B中列出的條款和條件自行選擇指定一位特別事故代表參與到救助作業(yè)中。任何當事方不得要求任何指定的特別事故代表提供與救助事項無關的證明材料。

13.Special Representatives

At any time after the SCOPIC clause has been invoked the Hull and Machinery underwriter (or, if more than one, the lead underwriter) and one owner or underwriter of all or part of any cargo on board the vessel may each appoint one special representative (hereinafter called respectively the “Special Hull Representative” and the “Special Cargo Representative” and collectively called the “Special Representatives”) at the sole expense of the appointor to attend the casualty to observe and report upon the salvage operation on the terms and conditions set out in Appendix C hereof. Such Special Representatives shall be technical men and not practising lawyers.

特別代表

在SCOPIC援用后的任何時間內,船舶和機械設備的承保人(如果有多個,則為主承保人),以及船上全部或部分貨物的所有人或保險人都可以各自指定一名特別代表(分別簡稱船方特別代表和貨方特別代表,并合稱為特別代表),根據附錄C中列出的條款和條件參與事故的處理,觀察并匯報救助作業(yè)開展的情況。該特別代表應為技術人員而非執(zhí)業(yè)律師。

14.Pollution Prevention

The assessment of SCOPIC remuneration shall include the prevention of pollution as well as the removal of pollution in the immediate vicinity of the vessel insofar as this is necessary for the proper execution of the salvage but not otherwise.

污染預防

SCOPIC酬金的計算應包含污染預防以及清除船舶附近污染物的費用,但限于是為了妥善完成救助所必需,而非出于其他目的。

15.General Average

SCOPIC remuneration shall not be a General Average expense to the extent that it exceeds the Article 13 Award; any liability to pay such SCOPIC remuneration shall be that of the Shipowner alone and no claim whether direct, indirect, by way of indemnity or recourse or otherwise relating to SCOPIC remuneration in excess of the Article 13 Award shall be made in General Average or under the vessels Hull and Machinery Policy by the owners of the vessel.

共同海損

SCOPIC酬金高出公約第13條報酬的部分不得列入共同海損費用,支付SCOPIC酬金的責任應由船舶所有人單獨承擔。船舶所有人不得通過補償、追償或其他方式,直接或間接地將SCOPIC酬金高出公約第13條報酬的部分列入共同海損或依據船舶保險單提出理賠。

16. [WTBZ][STBZ]Any dispute arising out of this SCOPIC clause or the operations thereunder shall be referred to Arbitration as provided for under the Main Agreement.

因本條款或本條款項下的救助作業(yè)而產生的任何爭議,應根據主協議的規(guī)定以仲裁的方式解決。

參考文獻:

[1]HILL C.Maritime law\[M\].London:LLP Professional Publishing,1998:346.

[2]“天利”輪救助報酬爭議案\[EB/OL\].(2018-07-19)\[2020-04-05\].http://www.cmla.org.cn/zl/al/2018/0719/2262.html.

收稿日期:2020-05-04

作者簡介:張勇(1974-),男,山東日照人,青島海事法院日照法庭副庭長,四級高級法官,E-mail:18105320699@163.com;匡浩(1986-),男,山東青島人,青島海事法院煙臺法庭審判員,一級法官,E-mail:khaobest@sina.com。

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