張彤 王紅興 薛慧 王詩(shī)濃 羅英花 金成浩
摘要:金雀花堿(Cytisine,Cyt)是一種主要存在于豆科毒豆屬植物種子中的喹諾里西啶生物堿。近年來(lái)金雀花堿的多種生物活性被逐漸發(fā)掘,其具有戒煙、促呼吸、鎮(zhèn)痛、抗腫瘤等功效。在抗癌活性方面能夠誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞凋亡,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于抑制多種腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖;在戒煙方面能夠作為選擇性局部激動(dòng)劑,降低吸煙者對(duì)尼古丁的依賴,有望廣泛應(yīng)用于戒煙;在鎮(zhèn)痛方面能夠反射性的興奮呼吸,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床手術(shù)對(duì)患者的麻醉作用。本文通過(guò)對(duì)大量文獻(xiàn)的查閱及驗(yàn)證,將對(duì)金雀花堿的生物活性及其相關(guān)作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行總結(jié),以期為金雀花堿的開發(fā)和利用提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞:金雀花堿;抗癌;戒煙
中圖分類號(hào):R285.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):2095-9737(2020)03-0001-03
Abstract:Cytisine (Cyt) is a quinolizidine alkaloid mainly found in the seeds of the leguminous genus. In recent years, a variety of biological activities of cytisine have been gradually discovered, and it is known to have the effects of quitting smoking, promoting breathing, analgesia, and anti-tumor. It can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in liver cancer in terms of anticancer activity, and has been widely used to inhibit the proliferation of various tumor cells; it can be used as a selective local agonist in smoking cessation, reducing the dependence of smokers on nicotine, and is expected to be widely used in smoking cessation; reflective excitatory breathing in terms of analgesia has been widely used in clinical anesthesia for patients. Through reviewing and verifying a large number of literatures, this paper summarizes the biological activity of cytisine and its related mechanism of action, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of cytisine.
Key words:Cytisine; Anticancer; Quit smoking
金雀花堿是一種從豆科毒豆屬種子中提取出來(lái)的一類生物堿,中文別名野靛堿、烏樂(lè)堿。分子式為C15H26N2,分子量為234.38,弱堿條件下溶于丙酮,極其容易氧化,提取過(guò)程需要避光操作,臨床中使用0.15%金雀花堿水溶液靜脈注射,可用于搶救休克現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)兼有阻斷尼古丁誘導(dǎo)的多巴胺釋放,達(dá)到戒煙的功效[1]。另外,金雀花堿具有較強(qiáng)的抗癌特性,能夠在體外抑制多種癌細(xì)胞的增殖并誘導(dǎo)其凋。因此,作者通過(guò)查閱了大量參考文獻(xiàn),對(duì)金雀花堿的各方面生物活性進(jìn)行研究總結(jié)。
1 金雀花堿的抗癌活性
1.1 抑制癌細(xì)胞增殖
許多研究表明,金雀花堿可以有效抑制多種癌細(xì)胞增殖。在體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中,用金雀花堿處理人乳腺癌細(xì)胞后,人乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖明顯被抑制[2]。……