李文格 戈偉
[摘要] 目的 探討鹽酸埃克替尼片(凱美納)聯合放療治療晚期非小細胞肺癌腦轉移的近期效果和安全性。 方法 回顧性分析2013年2月~2016年2月武漢大學人民醫院收治的142例非小細胞肺癌腦轉移患者的臨床資料,根據治療途徑將其分為鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組51例、鹽酸埃克替尼片組51例和全腦放療組40例。鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組為全腦放療同時口服鹽酸埃克替尼片,放療劑量為40~50 Gy/20~25 F,1個月內放療完成,鹽酸埃克替尼片為放療開始時每天口服一片,劑量為125 mg,3次/d;鹽酸埃克替尼片組為每天口服一片鹽酸埃克替尼片,劑量為125 mg,3次/d;全腦放療組放療劑量為40~50 Gy/20~25 F,1個月內放療完成。三組患者直至病情進展或出現不能耐受的毒性反應停止用藥,從開始治療至病情進展計算無進展生存時間。通過χ2檢驗分析三組患者客觀有效率、疾病控制率及各項不良反應發生率是否有顯著差異,通過Kaplan-Meier檢驗法分析三組患者無進展生存期是否有顯著差異。 結果 鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組客觀有效率和疾病控制率高于鹽酸埃克替尼片組與全腦放療組,差異均有統計學意義(均P < 0.05)。鹽酸埃克替尼片組與全腦放療組客觀有效率和疾病控制率比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組的中位無進展生存時間高于鹽酸埃克替尼片組和全腦放療組,差異均有統計學意義(均P < 0.05);鹽酸埃克替尼片組的無進展生存時間中位數與全腦放療組比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組的1年生存率為66.7%,高于鹽酸埃克替尼片組的41.2%和全腦放療組的37.5%,差異均有統計學意義(均P < 0.05)。三組患者各項不良反應發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。 結論 鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療在不良反應可耐受的情況下可明顯提高患者疾病控制率和無進展生存時間。
[關鍵詞] 肺癌;腦轉移;鹽酸埃克替尼片;靶向藥物;全腦放療
[中圖分類號] R73? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)03(b)-0101-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets (Conmana) combined with whole-brain radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis. Methods The clinical data of 142 patients with non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 2013 to February 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment approaches, they were divided into 51 cases in the group of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy, 51 cases in the group of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets and 40 cases in the group of whole-brain radiotherapy. In the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group, whole-brain radiotherapy was performed simultaneously with oral administration of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets. The radiotherapy dose was 40-50 Gy/20-25 F, and the radiotherapy was completed within one month. Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets were taken orally once a day at the beginning of radiotherapy, and the dose was 125 mg, 3 times a day. In the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group, one Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablet was taken orally every day at a dose of 125 mg, 3 times a day. The whole-brain radiotherapy group received a radiotherapy dose of 40-50 Gy/20-25 F. The radiotherapy was completed within one month. In the three groups, the drug of parients was discontinued until the disease progressed or an intolerable toxic reaction occurred, and the progression-free survival time was calculated from the start of treatment until the disease progressed. Chi-square test was used to analyze whether there were significant differences in objective response rate, disease control rate and incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups of patients, and Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze whether there were significant differences in progression-free survival among the three groups of patients. Results The objective response rate and disease control rate of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group were higher than those of the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group and the whole-brain radiotherapy group, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the objective response rate and disease control rate between the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group and the whole-brain radiotherapy group (P > 0.05). Median progression-free survival in the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group was higher than that in the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group and higher than that in the whole-brain radiotherapy group, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The median progression-free survival time of the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group was not significantly different from that of the whole-brain radiotherapy group (P > 0.05). The one-year survival rate of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group was 66.7% higher than that of the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group (41.2%) and the whole-brain radiotherapy group (37.5%), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups of parients (P > 0.05). Conclusion Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy can significantly improve the disease control rate and progression-free survival time of patients with tolerable adverse reactions.
2.3 不良反應
三組患者未出現Ⅲ~Ⅳ級不良反應,均為Ⅰ~Ⅱ級不良反應,三組患者均未見嚴重的肝腎功能損害及心、肺毒副作用。鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組主要不良反應為乏力、皮疹、腹瀉、頭暈頭痛、肝腎損傷,鹽酸埃克替尼片組主要不良反應有乏力、皮疹、頭暈頭痛、惡心嘔吐;鹽酸埃克替尼片組不良反應有乏力、頭暈頭痛。三組患者各項不良反應發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
肺癌是全球發生率最高的癌癥,顱腦是肺癌最容易轉移的部位,對于多個顱內轉移病灶的患者,手術有一定的局限性,放療通常作為首選治療方案,放療可以緩解由于顱腦占位所致顱內壓增高的頭痛、嘔吐、視盤水腫等癥狀,然而放療并未明顯改善患者的總生產時間。目前,分子靶向藥物由于分子量小易透過血腦屏障,在肺癌腦轉移患者中顯示出優勢[5-6]。鹽酸埃克替尼片是國產的第二代表皮生長因子抑制劑,它通過抑制EGFR,阻斷細胞生殖信號的傳遞,抑制腫瘤細胞的分化和增長,從而達到抑癌的作用[7]。與化療藥物比較,鹽酸埃克替尼片因分子量小易通過血腦屏障[8-9],放療可以開放血腦屏障,使鹽酸埃克替尼片進入顱內的濃度升高而增強放療的敏感性,抑制腫瘤細胞的生殖,增強腫瘤凋亡,從而達到兩者的協同作用。
多項研究表明[10-16],與放療聯合可以顯著延長非小細胞肺癌腦轉移患者的中位生存期,且作用迅速,能同時改善顱內外腫瘤的進展,與本研究結果高度一致。本研究通過將臨床資料差異無統計學意義的非小細胞肺癌腦轉移患者進行分組研究,結果發現鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組ORR(35.3%)和DCR(70.6%)顯著高于單用鹽酸埃克替尼片組(15.7%、47.1%),同時也顯著高于單用全腦放療組(15.0%、40.0%),這提示兩者聯用可以有效控制腦轉移患者的顱內外病灶的進展,緩解顱內外癥狀,提高患者的生活質量。在生存時間上,本研究發現鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組中位無進展生存時間11.0個月較鹽酸埃克替尼片組的8.5個月和全腦放療組的8.0個月顯著延長,同時鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組患者的1年生存率高顯著高于鹽酸埃克替尼片組和全腦放療組,提示兩者聯用可以顯著提高患者的生存率,延長患者的生存時間,為腦轉移患者帶來巨大收益。Magnuson等[17]一項回顧性研究表明,EGFR-TKIs同步放療和延遲放療與發生腦轉移的EGFR-突變型肺癌患者的總生存期有關,本研究鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療組的患者為放療同時規律口服鹽酸埃克替尼片,并未將延遲放療患者進行納入比較,還需進一步的臨床研究驗證鹽酸埃克替尼片與全腦放療的治療時機。鹽酸埃克替尼片主要的不良反應為皮疹和腹瀉[18-20],全腦放療組不良反應為頭暈頭痛、乏力,研究表明[14]鹽酸埃克替尼片放療可使白細胞數減少,緩解頭痛等神經系統癥狀,本研究鹽酸埃克替尼片組主要不良反應為乏力、皮疹、頭暈頭痛,鹽酸埃克替尼片聯和全腦放療組主要不良反應為乏力、頭暈頭痛,鹽酸埃克替尼片聯和全腦放療組的患者并未明顯增加以上不良反應,且三組患者均未出現Ⅲ~Ⅳ級嚴重的不良反應,如嚴重的肝腎功能損害及心、肺毒副作用,出現的不良反應均為輕度,經對癥治療后均有所好轉,患者均可耐受。本研究結果提示鹽酸埃克替尼片聯合全腦放療安全性良好,具有臨床可實施性的基礎。
本回顧性分析雖然結果顯示鹽酸埃克替尼可顯著增強放療,但所得結果有一定的局限性,原因包括:①該分析所收例數較少;②病例存在選擇偏倚;③部分患者在使用鹽酸埃克替尼片前并未行基因檢測,無法準確評價突變類型對患者預后的影響,有待后期擴大樣本量進一步驗證。本研究初步證實對于EGFR突變的晚期非小細胞肺癌患者,鹽酸埃克替尼片同步聯合全腦放療可安全有效地提高非小細胞肺癌腦轉移患者的DCR,延長無進展生存時間,為患者帶來生存獲益。
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(收稿日期:2019-07-17? 本文編輯:顧家毓)