建筑抗爆研究中超壓的分布特征及確定方法

楊濤春 羅堯治

摘 要： 爆炸超壓是描述爆炸荷載的重要指標，不同方法的超壓計算結果具有較高的離散性。通過分析試驗數據圖表擬合確定入射超壓與反射超壓關系的反射系數計算式，搜集轉化得到大量爆炸超壓理論計算公式與爆炸試驗數據，從而對爆炸超壓在不同比例距離下的分布特征進行分析。研究結果表明：當比例距離小于0.5? m/kg1/3時，爆炸超壓概率密度服從指數分布;當比例距離大于0.5? m/kg1/3時，爆炸超壓概率密度服從正態分布。當比例距離小于0.5? m/kg1/3時，爆炸超壓變異系數達最大值1，比例距離在1.5～6.0? m/kg1/3之間時，變異系數較小，在0.13～0.2? m/kg1/3之間;反射超壓變異系數較入射超壓略大。依據不同比例距離下爆炸超壓分布期望數據，擬合得到爆炸超壓的計算公式與具有95%保證率條件下的爆炸超壓分布范圍計算公式。

關鍵詞： 爆炸超壓;比例距離;變異系數;分布特征

中圖分類號：TU312? ? 文獻標志碼：A? ?文章編號：2096-6717（2020）02-0115-10

Distribution characteristic and determination of overpressure for blast resistant study of buildings

Yang Taochun1，2， Luo Yaozhi1

（1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310027，P.R.China; 2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture， University of Jinan， Jinan 250022， P.R.China）

Abstract： Explosion overpressure is an important indicator to describe blast load.And the results obtained by different methods have high discreteness.Based on this， the reflection coefficient formula of the relationship between incident overpressure and reflection overpressure is determined firstly by analyzing the experimental data chart fitting.Then a large number of theoretical calculation formulas and explosion test data were collected and transformed to analyze the distribution characteristics of explosion overpressure at different proportional distances.The results show that the probability density of explosion overpressure obeys exponential distribution when the scaled distance less than 0.5? m/kg1/3.And obeys normal distribution when the scaled distance greater than 0.5 m/kg1/3.The variation coefficient reaches the maximum value 1 when the scaled distance less than 0.5 m/kg1/3.While variation coefficient is in the range of 0.13 to 0.2 when the scaled distance within the range of 1.5 m/kg1/3 to 6 m/kg1/3.The variation coefficient of reflect overpressure is a little bigger than that of incident overpressure.According to the expected data of explosion overpressure distribution at different proportional distances， the calculation formula of explosion overpressure and the calculation formula of explosion overpressure distribution range with 95% guarantee rate are obtained by fitting.

Keywords： explosion overpressure; scale distance; variation coefficient; distribution characteristic

隨著恐怖襲擊事件和偶然爆炸事故的不斷發生，建筑結構防爆、抗爆研究已成為土木工程領域的熱點問題，特別是從“9·11”事件以來，世界多國學者已開展很多相關建筑結構的抗爆研究工作，如爆炸荷載、結構動力響應、破壞模式及簡化計算、抗爆分析方法及抗爆加固措施等，得出很多非常有意義的結論，對指導工程結構防爆、抗爆安全有重要參考價值。

在搜集的試驗數據中，既有垂直入射數據，也有非垂直入射數據，為分析數據的統一和嚴謹性，僅保留垂直入射的數據，即上述數據共計125組。……