高峰 郭琿
[摘要] 目的 研究1,25-二羥維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]對單側輸尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠腎間質纖維化的影響。 方法 采用隨機數字表法將54只wistar大鼠分為假手術組(A組)、UUO組(B組)和1,25(OH)2D3治療組(C組),每組18只。C組灌胃1,25(OH)2D3 3 ng/(d·100 g),A組和B組灌胃等量花生油。B組和C組左側輸尿管結扎,A組輸尿管只游離不結扎,每組術后第1、3、7天分批處死6只大鼠,并取留取左側腎臟。常規檢測血肌酐水平,蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色觀察腎臟病理形態,免疫組化法檢測大鼠腎臟平滑肌動蛋白(a-SMA)、叉頭P3蛋白(FOXP3),Western blot法測磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)。 結果 術后第1、3、7天B組血肌酐、a-SMA水平均高于A組,C組血清肌酐、a-SMA水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05)。A組大鼠腎臟組織形態正常,B組大鼠腎臟組織隨梗阻時間延長,可見腎小管擴張及間質水腫,而C組較B組腎小管變性減輕。術后第1、3、7天B組p-AMPK、FOXP3水平均低于A組,C組p-AMPK、FOXP3水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05)。 結論 1,25(OH)2D3可延緩腎間質纖維化,其機制可能與激活AMPK進而促進調節性T細胞的活化有關。
[關鍵詞] 1,25-二羥維生素D3;腎間質纖維化;腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶;調節性T細胞
[中圖分類號] R692? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)05(a)-0041-04
Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 delaying renal interstitial fibrosis by T regulatory cell
GAO Feng1? ?GUO Hui2
1.The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan? ?030001, China; 2.Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan? ?030001, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods According to random number table method, 54 wistar rats were divided into sham operation group (group A), UUO group (group B) and 1,25 (OH)2D3 treatment group (group C), with 18 rats in each group. Group C was gavaged 3 ng/(d·100 g) of 1,25(OH)2D3 every day. Group A and group B were gavaged the same amount of peanut oil. The left ureter ligation was performed in group B and group C. Group A was treated with ureteral free, but not ligated. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation, 6 rats were killed in batches, and the left kidney was retained. Serum creatinine were measured in each group. Renal pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and forkhead P3 protein (FOXP3) in the kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Results On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation, the serum creatinine,a-SMA levels of group B was higher than those of group A, and the serum creatinine,a-SMA levels of group C was lower than those of group B (all P < 0.05). The renal tissue morphology of group A was normal, while the renal tissue of group B was prolonged with the obstruction time, showing renal tubules dilatation and interstitial edema, while the tubular degeneration of group C was reduced compared with that of group B. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation, p-AMPK and FOXP3 levels in group B were lower than those in group A, p-AMPK and FOXP3 levels in group C were higher than those in group B (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 1,25(OH)2D3 can delay renal interstitial fibrosis, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK to promote the activation of regulatory T cells.
[Key words] 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; Renal interstitial fibrosis; Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; T regulatory cell
腎間質纖維化是終末期腎臟病的共同腎臟病理改變,近期發現腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)在腎間質纖維化中扮演著重要角色,在高糖和高脂作用下,AMPK的激活可延緩腎臟纖維化[1-2]。AMPK可促進調節性T細胞(Treg)分化,而Treg在改善慢性腎臟病中起重要作用[3-5]。1,25-二羥維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]不僅可調節鈣磷代謝,還可阻斷腎小管上皮細胞間充質轉分化(EMT)[6]。因此,本實驗研究1,25(OH)2D3對腎間質纖維化大鼠AMPK及Treg的影響,既而探討1,25(OH)2D3延緩腎間質纖維化的可能機制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實驗動物
健康清潔雄性Wistar大鼠54只,3~4周齡,質量約150 g,購于山西醫科大學實驗動物中心,許可證編號SCXK(晉)2015-0001,合格批號:0107010。飼養條件:相對濕度37%~39%,室溫25℃左右。自由飲水攝食,實驗前飼養7 d,適應環境。
1.2 主要試劑
抗兔β-action(美國Cell Signaling公司,貨號:3700S);羊抗兔IgG抗體(碧云天公司,貨號:A0208);叉頭蛋白P3(FOXP3)抗體(invitrogen公司,生產批號:2044725);BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒(博士德公司,生產批號:13G18B46);SDS-PAGE凝膠盒(博士德公司,生產批號:14E17B38);抗平滑肌動蛋白(a-SMA)抗體(美國Cell Signaling公司,生產批號:04120 18);抗p-AMPK抗體(美國Cell Signaling公司,生產批號:0312018);1,25(OH)2D3(Sigma公司,貨號:D1530)。
1.3 實驗分組與處理
采用隨機數字表法分成假手術組(A組)、單側輸尿管梗阻(UUO)組(B組)和1,25(OH)2D3治療組(C組),每組18只。C組灌胃1,25(OH)2D3 3 ng/(d·100 g),A組和B組灌胃等量花生油。B組和C組左側輸尿管結扎,A組輸尿管只游離不結扎,每組術后第1、3、7天分批處死6只大鼠,并取左側腎臟。
1.4 觀察指標
1.4.1 血肌酐檢測? 終點酶法檢測大鼠血肌酐。
1.4.2 腎組織病理形態觀察? 常規石蠟包埋切片,蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色,200倍顯微鏡下觀察腎組織切片。
1.4.3 免疫組化檢測a-SMA、FOXP3水平? 組織蠟塊切片脫蠟進行抗原修復,加一抗,37℃水浴2 h,PBS洗3次,再加二抗,37℃水浴40 min,PBS洗3次,再加辣根過氧化物酶,37℃,20 min,PBS洗3次,后加入顯色劑,蒸餾水沖洗,復染、脫水、透明后封片。隨意取10個視野,Image Pro Plus 6.0計算陽性染色區域的積分光密度值和測量區域的總面積,并對免疫組織化學染色進行分析。
1.4.4 Western blot法檢測P-AMPK水平? 腎組織加入細胞裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,4℃、12 000 r/min離心5 min,離心半徑15 cm,取上清液,BCA法測定蛋白濃度,SDS-PAGE凝膠盒分離,轉膜后用2%牛血清蛋白(BSA)37℃封閉2 h,一抗4℃孵育過夜,漂洗后加入二抗孵育,后加入增強化學發光法曝光顯影,膠片掃描后用Image Lab軟件對各條帶灰度值進行測定。
1.5 統計學方法
采用SPSS 22.0統計學軟件進行數據分析,符合正態分布計量資料的數據用均數±標準差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;不符合正態分布的組間比較采用非參數檢驗(秩和檢驗)。以P < 0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 三組血清肌酐水平比較
術后第1、3、7天B組血肌酐水平均高于A組,C組血清肌酐水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 三組腎組織a-SMA水平比較
術后第1、3、7天B組a-SMA水平均高于A組,C組a-SMA水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組HE染色結果比較
A組大鼠腎臟組織形態正常,B組大鼠腎臟組織隨梗阻時間延長,可見腎小管擴張及間質水腫,而C組較B組腎小管變性減輕。見圖1。
2.4 三組腎組織p-AMPK水平比較
術后第1、3、7天B組p-AMPK水平均低于A組,C組p-AMPK水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05)。見圖2、表3。
AMPK:腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶
2.5 三組腎組織FOXP3水平比較
術后第1、3、7天B組FOXP3水平均低于A組,C組FOXP3水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05)。見表4。
3 討論
腎間質纖維化與持續存在的腎臟炎癥有關,腎臟炎癥激活免疫細胞,進而釋放轉化生長因子(TGF-β),TGF-β誘導EMT,而a-SMA可反映EMT程度[7-11]。本研究結果顯示,術后第1、3、7天C組a-SMA水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05),提示1,25(OH)2D3可延緩大鼠腎間質纖維化。
1,25(OH)2D3可調節鈣磷代謝,近期其腎臟保護作用受到人們的重視。研究發現[4,12],AMPK有抑制多條纖維化通路及決定T細胞激活和分化的作用。AMPK作為能量傳感器,當細胞能量缺乏時,三磷酸腺苷(ATP)供能后被分解成一磷酸腺苷(AMP),AMP與AMPK的調節亞基結合,進而抑制催化基團上蘇氨酸的脫磷酸作用激活AMPK[13]。Lu等[14]研究發現二甲雙胍可激活AMPK,減少TGF-β誘導的I型膠原產生。Bakhshalizadeh等[15]發現1,25(OH)2D3可激活AMPK,調節多囊卵巢綜合征小鼠模型顆粒細胞中類固醇的生成。本研究結果顯示,術后第1、3、7天C組p-AMPK水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05),提示1,25(OH)2D3可作為AMPK的激活劑。
輔助性T細胞(Th17)與Treg的動態平衡在維持炎癥中至關重要,本課題組前期發現UUO模型中Th17被激活[16]。Treg中表現出更高水平的AMPK,而AMPK活化后可抑制糖酵解和增強脂質氧化來控制T細胞分化[17-19]。Tian等[20]研究發現吡格列酮可調節AMPK依賴機制中的Th17/Treg平衡來穩定動脈粥樣硬化斑塊。Treg可特異性表達FOXP3,所以FOXP3水平可反映Treg的分化程度。本研究結果顯示,C組FOXP3水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05),提示1,25(OH)2D3可能通過誘導AMPK激活來促進Treg的分化延緩腎間質纖維化。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-21? 本文編輯:劉明玉)