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我院肝病患者病原菌感染分布及耐藥性分析

2020-07-27 15:59:35任建云陳琳王玥吳紅章
醫(yī)學信息 2020年13期

任建云 陳琳 王玥 吳紅章

摘要:目的? 探討我院肝病患者感染的病原菌類型、分布及主要細菌的耐藥性,為臨床合理使用抗菌藥物提供理論依據(jù)。方法? 回顧性分析我院2017年1月~2019年7月肝病患者送檢的標本,使用VITEK-2COMPACT細菌鑒定藥敏系統(tǒng)進行細菌鑒定、藥敏試驗,補充藥敏試驗使用紙片擴散法,統(tǒng)計標本中病原菌分布、來源及耐藥情況。結果? 共分離到非重復菌株671株,革蘭陰性菌419株(62.44%),革蘭陽性菌208株(30.99%),真菌44株(6.55%)。革蘭陰性菌主要包括大腸埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、銅綠假單胞菌、鮑曼不動桿菌、陰溝腸桿菌,檢出率分別為24.14%、18.18%、3.58%、2.38%和1.94%;革蘭陽性菌主要包括人葡萄球菌人亞種、金黃色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、屎腸球菌、溶血葡萄球菌,檢出率分別為5.22%、4.32%、3.87%、2.83%和2.53%;分離的菌株主要來源于血液、腹水、痰液和尿液等;大腸埃希菌與肺炎克雷伯菌對阿米卡星、頭孢替坦、妥布霉素、哌拉西林/他咗巴坦、碳青霉烯類藥物耐藥率均低于6.79%;銅綠假單胞菌和鮑曼不動桿菌對氨基糖苷類藥物、喹諾酮類抗菌藥物耐藥率低于6.25%,對除頭孢他啶、頭孢吡肟之外的其他頭孢類抗生素耐藥率均高于87.50%;陰溝腸桿菌耐藥率均低于15.38%;葡萄球菌對替加環(huán)素、利奈唑胺與萬古霉素均未發(fā)現(xiàn)耐藥菌,對克林霉素、紅霉素、芐青霉素耐藥率均高于46.15%;金黃色葡萄球菌對呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺、莫西沙星、喹努普汀/達福普汀敏感;凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌對苯唑西林的耐藥率高于60%;屎腸球菌抗菌藥物普遍耐藥。結論? 肝病患者病原菌感染革蘭陰性菌較多,主要為大腸埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。及時分析肝病患者病原菌感染分布和耐藥情況,可為臨床醫(yī)師合理使用抗菌藥物控制院內感染提供參考依據(jù)。

關鍵詞:肝病;病原菌;感染;耐藥性

中圖分類號:R446.5? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.13.038

文章編號:1006-1959(2020)13-0130-04

Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Infection Distribution and Drug Resistance

in Patients with Liver Disease in Our Hospital

REN Jian-yun,CHEN Lin,WANG Yue,WU Hong-zhang

(Department of Laboratory,Tianjin Second People's Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China)

Abstract:Objective? To explore the types, distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients with liver disease in our hospital, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinic.Methods? Retrospective analysis of specimens from our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 for liver disease patients, using the VITEK-2COMPACT bacterial identification drug susceptibility system for bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing, supplementary drug susceptibility testing using paper diffusion method, statistics Pathogen distribution, source and drug resistance in specimens.Results? A total of 671 non-repeated strains were isolated, 419 Gram-negative bacteria (62.44%), Gram-positive bacteria 208 (30.99%), and 44 fungi (6.55%). Gram-negative bacteria mainly include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, the detection rates were 24.14%, 18.18%, 3.58%, 2.38% and 1.94%; Gram-positive bacteria mainly include human Staphylococcus aureus subspecies, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, the detection rates were 5.22%, 4.32%, 3.87%, 2.83% and 2.53%; isolated strains mainly come from blood, ascites, sputum and urine; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae against amikacin, cefotetan, tobramycin, piperacillin The resistance rates of babatan and carbapenems were lower than 6.79%; the resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to aminoglycoside drugs and quinolone antibacterial drugs were lower than 6.25%. The resistance rates of cephalosporins and cefepime other than cephalosporins were higher than 87.50%; the resistance rates of Enterobacter cloacae were lower than 15.38%; the staphylococci were not resistant to tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin drug-resistant bacteria were found, and the resistance rates to clindamycin, erythromycin, and benzylpenicillin were all higher than 46.15%; Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to nitrofurantoin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, quinupristin/dalfopristin sensitive; the resistance rate of coagulase-negative staphylococcus to oxacillin is higher than 60%; the antibacterial drugs of Enterococcus faecium are generally resistant.Conclusion? There are many Gram-negative bacteria infected by pathogenic bacteria in patients with liver disease, mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Timely analysis of the distribution of pathogenic bacteria infection and drug resistance in patients with liver disease can provide a reference for clinicians to use antibacterial drugs to control nosocomial infections.

綜上所述,我院肝病患者病原菌感染革蘭陰性菌較多,主要為大腸埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。及時分析肝病患者病原菌感染分布和耐藥情況,可為臨床醫(yī)師合理使用抗菌藥物控制院內感染提供參考依據(jù)。

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收稿日期:2020-04-09;修回日期:2020-04-19

編輯/王朵梅

作者簡介:任建云(1987.12-),女,天津人,碩士,檢驗技師,主要從事臨床檢驗工作

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