文冠果引進種質種子產量影響因素相關性分析

連瓊宇 兗攀 姜繼元 葉春秀

摘要? ? 文冠果作為生物油料能源植物，具有經濟、藥用、食用價值，是荒漠治理的重要樹種，其開發利用有重要意義。研究文冠果的種子產量問題可以為資源開發利用和優良品種的選育提供科學依據。本文以引進的11份文冠果種質為研究材料，通過觀測單株枝葉性狀、花性狀、種實性狀、產量相關性狀等共28個性狀，采用相關分析、多元回歸分析和通徑分析，找出影響引進文冠果種質種子產量的主要因素。結果表明，種子產量與花序數目、可孕花數目、4心皮結果數、單株結果個數、果實鮮重、出籽率均有極顯著正相關關系。3心皮結果數、果實鮮重、出籽率是影響單株種子產量的主要因素。在初步篩選高產單株時，可選擇花序數目多、可孕花數目多、4心皮結果數多、單株結果個數多、果實鮮重大、出籽率大的單株作為優良高產單株。

關鍵詞? ? 文冠果;種子產量;相關分析;多元回歸分析;通徑分析

中圖分類號? ? S565.9? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

文章編號? ?1007-5739（2020）14-0113-04

Abstract? ? As a bio-oil energy plant， Xanthoceras sorbifolia has economic， medicinal and edible value， and is an important tree species for desert management， its development and utilization have important significance. The research on the seed yield of X. sorbifolia can provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of resources and the breeding of superior varieties. In this paper， 11 samples of the introduced? germplasm were used as the research materials， the main factors affecting the seed yield of the introduced germplasm were identified through observing 28 traits of single plant， such as branch and leaf traits， flower traits， seed traits and yield-related traits， by the methods of correlation analysis， multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the seed yield was positively correlated with the number of inflorescence， number of pregnable flowers， number of 4-carpels fruits， number of fruits per plant， weight of fresh fruit and the rate of seed production. The number of 3-carpels fruits， weight of fresh fruits and the rate of seed production were the main factors affecting seed yield per plant. In the preliminary screening of high-yield single plant， the single plant with more inflorescences， more pregnant flowers， more 4-carpels fruits， more fruits per plant， heavier fresh fruits and high seed production rate can be selected as the excellent high-yield single plant.

Key words? ? Xanthoceras sorbifolia; seed yield; correlation analysis; multiple regression analysis; path analysis

文冠果（Xanthoceras sorbifolium）是無患子科無患子屬的落葉灌木或小喬木，素有“千花一果”稱號。株高可達5 m，樹皮灰褐色，小枝紫色或綠色，密被短柔毛。小葉對生，奇數羽狀復葉，披針狀或近卵狀，膜質，正面疏生星狀柔毛，暗綠色，葉片邊緣鋸齒狀，頂生小葉通常會形成3深裂[1]。圓錐花序，花雜性，萼片5個，花瓣5個。雄花主要分布在植株側花序和頂花序的基部與頂部，兩性花大部分分布在頂花序[2-5]。蒴果分裂為3瓣，少數4～5瓣開裂，果皮厚，花期4—5月，果期7—8月。……