施氮量對烤煙貴煙2號產質量的影響

刁朝強 盧鵬宇 周建云 胡勇 魏光鈺 艾復清

摘要? ? 為配套貴煙2號栽培技術，研究了不同施氮量對貴煙2號烤后煙葉經濟性狀、主要化學成分和評吸質量的影響。結果表明，本試驗范圍內，產量隨施氮量增加而增加，以施氮量135 kg/hm2的處理最高，為2 553.0 kg/hm2，顯著高于其他處理;產值及等級質量方面均以施氮量105 kg/hm2的處理表現最好，其中產值、均價和上等煙率分別達51 250.5元/hm2、21.0元/kg、37.9%，均顯著高于其他處理;隨著施氮量的增加，碳水化學合物及石油醚提取物含量、糖堿比、施木克值有逐漸下降而含氮化合物及氮堿比呈逐漸增加趨勢，還原糖、總糖略偏高，蛋白質、煙堿、總氮和石油醚提取物較適宜，處理間化學成分綜合評價差異不大但以施氮量105 kg/hm2的處理相對更為協調;香吃味隨施氮量有逐漸下降趨勢，但施氮量75 kg/hm2的處理與施氮量105 kg/hm2的處理差異不顯著。總體來看，貴煙2號以施純氮105 kg/hm2較為適宜。

關鍵詞? ? 烤煙;貴煙2號;施氮量;產量;質量

中圖分類號? ? S572? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼? ? A

文章編號? ?1007-5739（2020）14-0005-02

Abstract? ? In order to match the cultivation technology of Guiyan 2， the effect of different nitrogen application on the economic characters， main chemical components and smoking quality of the cured leaves were studied. The results showed that within the range of this experiment， the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application， and the treatment of 135 kg/hm2 was the highest， which was 2 553.0 kg/hm2 was significantly higher than that of other treatments; 105 kg/hm2 was the best treatment in terms of output value and grade quality， among which the output value， average price and top-grade smoke rate were 51 250.5 yuan/hm2， 21.0 yuan/kg and 37.9%， respectively， which were significantly higher than those of other treatments; with the increase of nitrogen application， the content of carbon water chemical compounds and petroleum ether extract， sugar alkali ratio， and stoke value decreased gradually， while the nitrogenous compound and the ratio of nitrogen and alkali increased gradually， reducing sugar and total sugar content were at appropropriate level， protein， nicotine， total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract were more suitable， the comprehensive evaluation of chemical components among treatments was not different， but the treatment of 105 kg/hm2 was relatively more coordinated; aroma and taste gradually decreased with the amount of nitrogen， but there was no significant difference between 75 kg/hm2 and 105 kg/hm2. In general， the application of 105 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen in Guiyan 2 is more suitable.

Key words? ? tobacco; Guiyan 2; nitrogen application; yield; quality

烤煙品種匱乏是生產上存在的主要問題之一。貴煙2號是貴州自育烤煙新品種，為使該品種的潛力得到充分發揮，研究其配套栽培技術顯得尤為重要，而施肥則是栽培技術中的重要環節之一。近年來，關于貴煙2號相關研究報道較少[1-3]，尤其是關于其施氮量方面的研究未見報道。因此，本文研究了不同施氮量對貴煙2號產質量的影響，以期為貴煙2號的配套技術提供參考。

1? ? 材料與方法

1.1? ? 試驗概況

試驗在清鎮市紅楓湖鎮蘆狄村進行，海拔1 259 m，年均溫14.1 ℃，年降水量1 180.9～1 426.9 mm。……