Pubs in the UK英國的酒吧

楊舟

What is a pub？

The word pub is short for public house. There are over 60，000 pubs in the UK （about 53，000 in England and Wales， 5，200 in Scotland and 1，600 in Northern Ireland）. One of the oldest pubs， Fighting Cocks in St. Albans， Herts， is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.

什么是酒吧？

“pub”這個詞是“public house”的縮寫。在英國有6萬多家酒吧（英格蘭和威爾士有約53000家，蘇格蘭有約5200家，北愛爾蘭有約1600家）。赫特福德郡圣奧爾本斯的“斗雞酒吧”是（英國）最古老的酒吧之一，它位于一座歷史可以追溯到11世紀的建筑中。

Pubs are popular social meeting places.

Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk， eat， drink， meet their friends and relax there.

Pubs often have two bars， and one usually quieter than the other. Many pubs have a garden where people can sit in the summer. Children can go in pub gardens with their parents.

Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy. People do not queue， but the bar staff will usually try and serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first. If you spill1 a strangers drink by accident， it is good manners to offer to buy another drink.

酒吧是很受歡迎的社交場所。

酒吧是英國人生活的重要組成部分。人們在那里聊天、吃飯、喝酒、結識朋友、放松身心。

酒吧通常有兩個吧臺，一個通常比另一個安靜。很多酒吧都有花園，在夏天人們可以坐在那里。孩子們可以和父母一起去酒吧里的花園。

一群朋友通常會“輪流”買酒，輪到誰誰就會為所有的人買酒。在酒吧很繁忙的時候，有時很難有人招待。人們不排隊，但酒吧的員工通常會盡量先為那些在酒吧等候的時間最長的人服務。如果你不小心把陌生人的飲料灑了，禮貌的做法是主動提出為對方再買一杯。

British Beer

Most pubs belong to a brewery （a company which makes beer） but sell many different kinds of beer， some on tap （from a big container under the bar） and some in bottles. The most popular kind of British beer is Bitter， which is dark and served at room temperature （not hot， not cold）. British beer is brewed2 from malt3 and hops4.

More popular today though is Lager， which is lighter in colour and served cold. Guinness， a very dark， creamy kind of beer called a stout5， is made in Ireland and is popular all over Britain.

In the West of England， cider6 made from apples， is very popular. Like wine， it is described as sweet or dry， but is drunk in beer glasses and can be stronger than beer.

Beers are served in “pints7” for a large glass and “halves” for a smaller one.

英國啤酒

大多數酒吧屬于某家釀酒廠（生產啤酒的公司），但出售許多不同種類的啤酒，一些是通過（連著吧臺下面大容器的）水龍頭供應的，一些是瓶裝的。最受歡迎的英國啤酒是苦啤酒，它顏色偏暗，供應的是常溫的（既不熱，也不冷）。英國啤酒是用麥芽和啤酒花釀造的。

不過，如今更受歡迎的是淡啤酒，它顏色較淺，供應的是冰的。而吉尼斯黑啤酒，是一種顏色很深，如奶油般柔和醇美的烈性啤酒，產于愛爾蘭，在英國很受歡迎。

在英格蘭西部，用蘋果制作的蘋果酒很受歡迎。它和葡萄酒一樣，用甜（含糖量大）或干（含糖量小）來區分，是用啤酒杯盛來喝的，但可能比啤酒更烈。

大杯啤酒按品脫（約0.6升）銷售，小杯的則按半品脫（0.3升）銷售。

Other Beers served

Most pubs offer a complete range of beers， local and imported8， with German， Belgian and French beers being in demand.

British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. More than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.

Pubs sell soft drinks as well as alcohol9. Although most people think pubs are places where people drink alcohol， pubs in fact sell soft drinks （non-alcoholic10 drinks） too.

供應的其他啤酒

大多數酒吧提供種類齊全的啤酒，包括本地的和進口的，對德國、比利時和法國的啤酒都有需求。

英國人平均每年喝掉99.4升啤酒。超過80%的啤酒是在酒吧和俱樂部里喝掉的。

酒吧除了賣酒外還賣軟飲料。雖然大多數人認為酒吧是人們喝酒的地方，但實際上酒吧也出售軟飲料（非酒精飲料）。

Opening Hours

British pubs are required to have a license， which is difficult to obtain， and allows the pub to operate for up to 24 hours.

營業時間

英國的酒吧必須有執照，執照是很難獲得的。有執照的酒吧營業時間長達24小時。

Pub Food and Games

Nearly all pubs sell pub lunches. One of these is the Ploughmans Lunch which is a great piece of Cheddar cheese， some bread， some pickle11， and an onion. Other typical pub foods are scampi12 （kind of shellfish） and chips （fried potatoes）， pie and chips， and chicken and chips.

Various games， especially darts13， are common features of pubs. Many of the old country pubs continue to promote traditional games， such as “Bat and Trap” （a bat-and-ball game mostly played in Kent） which have been played for hundreds of years.

酒吧的食物和游戲

幾乎所有的酒吧都賣酒吧午餐。其中一種是農夫午餐，里面有一大塊切達干酪、一些面包、一些腌菜和一個洋蔥。其他典型的酒吧食物有挪威海螯蝦（一種甲殼類動物）和薯條（炸土豆）、派和薯條、雞肉和薯條。

酒吧里有各種各樣的游戲，特別是飛鏢，這是酒吧的共同特點。許多古老的鄉村酒吧繼續推廣傳統游戲，比如“蝙蝠和陷阱”游戲（在肯特郡流行的一種擊球游戲），已經有幾百年歷史了。

Pub Names

Pubs have traditional names which date back over 600 years.

Some typical names are The White Swan， The Crown， The Kings Arms， The Red Lion and The White Horse. People often refer to the pub by its name when giving directions， for example， “Turn left at the Rose and Crown.” There is usually a sign outside the pub showing the pubs name.

酒吧的名字

酒吧的傳統名稱可以追溯到600多年前。

一些典型的名字有：白天鵝、王冠、國王的臂膀、紅獅和白馬。人們在指路時經常提到酒吧的名字，例如：“在玫瑰和皇冠酒吧處左轉?！本瓢赏饷嫱ǔＳ幸粋€招牌，上面寫著酒吧的名字。

Licensing Laws

The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18. People aged 16 and 17， may have only 1 glass of wine， beer or cider with a table meal in specific areas of the premises14， providing theyre with an adult and the adult orders it （England and Wales only， Scotland no adult required to be present）.

It is illegal15 to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk.

Fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if they order a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m.， which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together， and allows pubs to continue in their traditional roles as community centers.

酒類專賣法

買酒的法定年齡是18歲。16歲和17歲的人只能在經營場所的特定區域內在桌上用餐時飲用一杯葡萄酒、啤酒或蘋果酒，但前提是他們有成年人陪伴，且由成年人點餐（僅限于英格蘭和威爾士，而在蘇格蘭則無需成年人在場）。

把酒賣給已經喝醉的人是違法的。

14歲的孩子如果只是點餐，可以在沒有成年人陪同的情況下進入酒吧。孩子們可以和父母一起進入酒吧，直到晚上9點，這樣可以讓家人一起享受價格合理的酒吧餐，還可以讓酒吧繼續擔任社區中心的傳統角色。

Customs

Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in Britain， you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for them immediately. There is no table service.

In some pubs， orders can be taken by waiters at the tables and not be paid for immediately. There is usually a sign in the pub which tells you that diners will be served at the table. It is customary16 to tip your waiter/waitress at the end of the meal （about 10%）. Sometimes this is included in the bill.

習俗

英國的酒吧和美國的酒吧的習俗不同。在英國的大多數酒吧里，你必須去吧臺點飲料和食物，并馬上付錢。英國的酒吧沒有餐桌服務。

在有些酒吧里，可以在桌邊叫服務員來點餐，不用立即付款。這種酒吧里通常有一塊牌子，上面會告訴你用餐者有餐桌服務。通常在用餐結束時應付給服務員小費（大約10%）。有時這包含在賬單里。

（英語原文選自：projectbritain.com）

【Notes】

1. spill [? ? ? ] v. （使）溢出，流出;倒出，灑落

2. brew [? ? ? ] v. 釀造

3. malt [? ? ?] n. 麥芽

4. hop [? ? ?] n. 啤酒花

5. stout [? ?] n. 烈性黑啤酒

6. cider [? ? ] n. 蘋果酒;蘋果汁

7. pint [? ? ?] n. 品脫;一品脫的量（1英制品脫=568.26125毫升）

8. import [? ? ?] vt. 輸入，進口

9. alcohol [? ? ] n. 酒精，乙醇

10. non-alcoholic [? ? ] adj. 不含酒精的

11. pickle [? ? ?] n. 泡菜;鹽鹵;腌制食品

12. scampi [? ? ] n. 蝦;挪威海螯蝦

13. dart [? ?] n. 飛鏢

14. premise [? ? ] n. 辦公場所;經營場所

15. illegal [? ? ] adj. 非法的;違法的

16. customary [? ? ] adj. 習慣的;通常的