古希臘戲劇的起源

安徽合肥八中 張 嵐

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning,human beings viewed the natural forces of the world—even the seasonal changes—as unpredictable,and they sought through various means to control these unknown and fearful powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals （儀式）.Eventually stories arose,which explained or veiled（掩飾）the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned,but the stories,later called myths,persisted and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music,dance,masks and costumes were almost always used.Furthermore,a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate,a clear division was usually made between the acting area and the auditorium.In addition,there were performers,and,since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes,they often impersonated other people,animals,or supernatural beings,and mimed the desired effect—success in hunt or battle,the coming rain and the revival of the Sun—as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this view,tales(about the hunt,war,or other feats)are gradually elaborated,at first through the use of impersonation,action,and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

Reading Check

1.Which of the following about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece is most widely accepted today?

A.Drama originated from religious activities.

B.Drama originated from the human interest in storytelling.

C.Drama is closely related to rhythmical and gymnastic dances.

D.Drama originated from imitations of animal movements and sounds.

2.How many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece are mentioned?

A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.

3.From which column is this text likely to be taken?

A.Economy. B.Science C.Travel. D.Culture.

Language Study

Difficult sentence

The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

【翻譯】_____________________________________________________________________________

【點石成金】這是一個復合句。The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption是主句。that引導的是同位語從句，對前面的名詞the assumption起補充解釋作用，兩者之間是同位關系。