張奇芬 楊明敏 熊燕 周海星 余英



[摘要]目的 探討前列地爾注射液對治療早期糖尿病腎病微量白蛋白尿的臨床效果。方法 選取2016年6月~2019年6月我院收治的180例早期糖尿病腎病患者作為研究對象,按照隨機數字表法將其分為治療組(90例)與對照組(90例)。兩組患者均給予常規治療,對照組采用常規治療的基礎上口服黃葵膠囊;治療組在對照組基礎上采用靜脈注射前列地爾注射液治療,兩組患者療程均為4周。比較兩組患者治療后的治療總有效率,比較兩組患者治療前后的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(mAlb),比較兩組患者治療后的不良反應發生情況。結果 治療組患者的治療總有效率高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);治療組患者治療后的mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c均低于治療前,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);治療組患者治療后的mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c均低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者的不良反應總發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論 前列地爾聯合黃葵膠囊治療早期糖尿病腎病效果顯著,能有效降低患者的24 h mAlb水平,延緩腎功能損傷,適于臨床應用。
[關鍵詞]糖尿病腎病;前列地爾;黃葵膠囊;尿微量白蛋白;肌酐;尿素氮
[中圖分類號] R587.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2020)7(a)-0088-04
Clinical effect of Alprostadil on the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy
ZHANG Qi-fen1? ?YANG Ming-min2▲? ?XIONG Yan1? ?ZHOU Hai-xing1? ?YU Ying1
1. The First Department of Internal Medicine, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang? ?330006, China; 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchang First Hospital, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang? ?330008, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Alprostadil Injection on microalbuminuria in early diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods A total of 180 patients with early DN admitted to our hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were selected as subjects, and divided into the treatment group (90 cases) and the control group (90 cases) according to the random number table. Patients in both groups were given conventional treatment. The control group was given oral Huangkui Capsules on the basis of conventional treatment. The treatment group was treated with intravenous Alprostadil Injection on the basis of the control group. The therapeutic course was 4 weeks in the two groups of patients. The total treatment efficiency of the two groups of patients after treatment was compared. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 24 h microalbumin (mAlb) were compared before and after treatment between the two groups. The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment between the two groups was compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mAlb, BUN, SCr and HbA1c after treatment in the treatment group were lower than those before treatment, while mAlb, BUN, SCr and HbA1c after treatment in treatment group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in adverse reactions of two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Alprostadil combined with Huangkui Capsule for the treatment of patients with early DN can effectively improve clinical curative effect , decrease 24 h mAlb, delay renal function injury and be suitable for clinical application.
與本組治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對照組治療后比較,△P<0.05
2.3兩組患者不良反應總發生率的比較
治療期間,兩組患者的不良反應總發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)(表3)。
與對照組比較,*P>0.05
3討論
DN是指由糖尿病所致的慢性腎臟病,我國DN發病率逐年上升,僅次于各種腎小球腎炎,成為慢性腎臟病和終末期腎臟病的主要原因[8]。有統計表明,糖尿病患者10年后的mAlb發生率高達25%[9]。
DN發病機制尚沒有明確結論,目前認為主要與腎小球微血管病變、糖脂代謝紊亂、炎癥機制及遺傳因素等相互作用有關[10]。而早期DN出現mAlb主要與腎小球病變損害、腎小管損傷和間質纖維化密切相關[11]。mAlb是DN早期的臨床表現,也是診斷DN的主要依據,循證醫學證據表明,針對DN多種危險因素進行綜合管理,可有效延緩腎病發展,降低死亡率,減少經濟花費[12]。臨床治療早期目標是恢復腎小球濾過屏障的正常結構與功能,可阻止DN腎臟病變[13]。治療DN主要是控制血糖、血壓,限制蛋白、鈉鹽攝入,同時聯合藥物進行綜合治療。
前列地爾的有效成分為前列腺素E1,具有很強的舒張血管平滑肌、抑制去甲腎上腺素釋放、擴張腎血管作用[14];穩定細胞膜、減輕腎毛細血管損傷;抑制血小板聚集,改善微循環灌注[15];抑制腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統的活性,降低外周阻力,減少尿蛋白的濾過,保護腎功能[16]。金潔娜等[17]研究發現,靜脈給予前列地爾10 μg,1次/d,持續治療1個月,可有效改善DN患者的C反應蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6炎癥水平,改善BUN、尿白蛋白排泄率、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、SCr清除率,保護腎功能,降低不良反應發生。
我國中醫學者認為,DN的病位在于脾腎,糖尿病氣陰兩虛累及腎臟引起脾腎兩虛,造成血脈瘀阻,內停濁毒,治療需標本兼治,補腎健脾及扶助正氣,輔以利尿消腫及活血化瘀等療法,達到良好的治療效果[18]。黃葵膠囊的主要成分是從黃蜀葵花中提取的總黃酮,具有清利濕熱、解毒消腫的作用。研究顯示,黃葵膠囊可通過消除機體炎癥狀態、減輕腎小管病變、通過降低SCr、BUN含量減輕尿蛋白量,從而改善DN患者的腎臟功能[19-20]。
本研究結果顯示,治療組患者治療后的24 h mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c低于治療前,且治療組治療后的24 h mAlb、BUN、SCr、HbA1c均低于對照組;治療組治療總有效率明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。提示前列地爾的功效與DN的病機相吻合,同時聯合黃葵膠囊治療DN能明顯降低mAlb,改善腎功能,提高治療效果。由于該研究樣本量較少,缺乏多中心臨床研究,因此今后需進一步增加樣本量,并對遠期療效進行安全性研究。
綜上所述,前列地爾聯合黃葵膠囊治療早期DN效果顯著,能有效降低患者24 h mAlb水平,延緩腎功能損傷,適于臨床應用。
[參考文獻]
[1]Collins AJ,Foley RN,Chavers B,et al.US Renal Data System 2013 annual data report[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2014,63(suppl 1):219-220.
[2]寧婕,吳艷平,李玉鳳.我國糖尿病腎臟疾病社區管理現狀與探索[J].中國全科醫學,2019,22(4):402-406.
[3]王玲,李育,顧春艷.中藥成分治療糖尿病腎病的研究進展[J].南京中醫藥大學學報,2018,34(5):524-528.
[4]徐小君,葉賞和,陸小文.雷公藤多苷聯合黃葵膠囊治療糖尿病腎病臨床療效及對炎癥因子的影響[J].中國實驗方劑學雜志,2016,22(12):182-185.
[5]中華醫學會糖尿病分會.中國2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J].中華糖尿病雜志,2018,10(1):4-65.
[6]陳慎仁,郭海婷.糖尿病腎病的診斷與評估[J].中華臨床醫師雜志(電子版),2013,7(8):3241-3245.
[7]劉洪,熊維建,黎穎,等.培元通絡方對糖尿病腎臟病臨床療效及微炎癥狀態的影響[J].北京中醫藥大學學報,2018, 41(5):428-433.
[8]American Diabetes Association.Microvascular Complications and Foot Care:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019[J].Diabetes Care,2019,42(1):S124-138.
[9]Zhang L,Long J,Jiang W,et al.Trends in chronic kidney disease in China[J].N Engl J Med,2016,375(9):905-906.
[10]Kohan DE,Pollock DM.Endothelin antagonists foe diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease[J].Br J Clin Pharmacol,2013,76(4)573-579.
[11]Moresco RN,Sangoi MB,De Carvalho JA,et al.Diabetic nephropathy: traditional to proteomic markers[J].Clin Chim Acta,2013,421:17-30.
[12]丁小強,朱加明.糖尿病腎病診治的研究進展、存在問題與展望[J].上海醫學,2018,41(2):73-77.
[13]Stevens PE,Levin A.Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease:synopsis of the kidney disease:improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline[J].Ann Intern Med,2013,158(11):825-830.
[14]Cheng T,Zhang G,Zhang X.Review:minim ally invasive versus conventional dynamic hip screw fixation in elderly patients with in tertrochanteric fractures:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Surg Innov,2011,18(2):99-105.
[15]李慶,宋學君,李志軍,等.血必凈聯合前列地爾治療糖尿病腎病的臨床療效觀察[J].中國中西醫結合急救雜志,2016,23(3):291-293.
[16]Danesh A,Janghorbani M,K halatbari S.Effects of anten atal corticosteroids on maternal serum indicators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery:A randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone[J].J Res Med Sci,2012,17(10):911-917.
[17]金潔娜,孫慧艷,徐趙釹,等.前列地爾治療早期糖尿病腎病療效及安全性觀察[J].重慶醫學,2016,45(10):1337-1342.
[18]沈嵐,俞立強,熊佩華.六味地黃湯合黃連解毒湯對糖尿病腎病大鼠的腎臟保護作用及相關機制[J]南京中醫藥大學學報,2013,29(6):553-557.
[19]查敏,張舒,阮園,等.黃葵膠囊聯合利拉魯肽對早期糖尿病腎病患者的臨床療效[J].中成藥,2018,40(7):1493-1495.
[20]張俊峰,林菊,朱永堅,等.黃葵膠囊對糖尿病腎病大鼠的腎臟保護作用[J].中國老年學雜志,2016,36(24):6071-6072.
(收稿日期:2019-10-08)